Animals That Start with C: Ultimate Guide to Stunning Creatures

Hi! Ready to learn about some incredible animals that start with the letter C? You’re going to love this! We’ve put together a list of animals that start with C, and it’s full of fascinating creatures. From clever cats to colorful chameleons, this animals list will capture your imagination. So, let’s explore the wonderful world of animals that start with C and see what makes each one so special!

Cabbage Moth

The Cabbage Moth (Mamestra brassicae) is a significant agricultural pest primarily found in Europe and Asia. As an omnivore, it primarily feeds on a wide range of vegetables including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, and peas, as well as cash crops like tobacco. The moth’s larvae are notorious for their ability to cause considerable damage to these crops.

Adults are about 1.5 inches in length, predominantly brown with black and white markings that help them blend into their surroundings. Non-venomous, these moths pose a risk only to plants. Control methods often involve manual removal of eggs and larvae or the use of biological control agents such as certain wasps or chickens, which feed on the larvae. Chemical treatments are also employed but are considered a last resort due to potential impacts on other beneficial insects and the necessity of washing treated produce.

Cactus Moth

The cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum) is a species that primarily targets prickly pear cacti, causing significant ecological impacts, especially in areas where they lack natural predators. Native to South America, these moths have been introduced to other regions like Australia, the Caribbean, and parts of the United States to control invasive cactus populations. However, they have since become invasive themselves.

The moths have a wingspan of 0.91 to 1.57 inches and are nocturnal. Their larvae, which are more noticeable due to their orange and black bands, burrow into cacti, leading to extensive damage. Effective management includes removing egg sticks and infested plants.

Cactus Mouse

The cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) is a small rodent native to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Adapted to arid environments, it is typically found in habitats such as creosote bush scrub and desert grasslands. This mouse is notable for its large eyes and ears, which aid in nocturnal activity, a common trait among desert-dwelling animals. The cactus mouse has a light brown to grayish fur, providing camouflage against the desert terrain. Its diet consists primarily of seeds, insects, and green vegetation, reflecting its omnivorous nature. Remarkably, the cactus mouse, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, has adapted to survive with minimal water intake, deriving moisture primarily from its food.

Breeding occurs throughout the year, with a peak during the wetter months. Females give birth to litters of 2-4 young after a gestation period of about 20-25 days. These mice are solitary and territorial, often using abandoned burrows or crevices for shelter. Despite its small size, the cactus mouse plays a crucial role in its ecosystem by aiding in seed dispersion and serving as prey for larger predators. Conservation-wise, the cactus mouse is not currently considered at risk, thanks to its wide distribution and adaptability to harsh desert conditions.

Cactus Wren

The cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) is the largest wren in the United States, measuring 7.1 to 7.5 inches in length and sporting an 11-inch wingspan. Characterized by its brown, black, and white speckled plumage and distinctive long white eyebrows, this bird thrives in arid and semi-desert regions, primarily in the Southwestern U.S. and Mexico. Its diet consists mainly of insects and spiders, supplemented with plant matter like berries and seeds.

Known for their raspy, mechanical-sounding calls, cactus wrens are non-migratory and highly territorial, often nesting in thorny vegetation to deter predators. They build unique football-shaped nests, which provide protection from threats like hawks, coyotes, and wildfires. Despite a stable population of 8.5 million, climate change poses potential risks to their habitat and food sources.

Caecilian

Caecilians are a unique group of limbless amphibians often mistaken for worms or snakes due to their elongated, cylindrical bodies. These fascinating creatures are primarily found in tropical regions, residing in moist soil and leaf litter. Unlike other amphibians, caecilians have adapted to a burrowing lifestyle, equipped with a strong skull and pointed snout for digging. They possess a set of sensory tentacles located between their eyes and nostrils, aiding in detecting prey and navigating their subterranean habitats.

Caecilians have small, lidless eyes, which are covered by skin or bone in some species, limiting their vision and relying heavily on their other senses. Their diet mainly consists of small invertebrates such as earthworms and insects. Reproduction among caecilians is intriguing; many species give birth to live young, while others lay eggs. Some caecilian mothers exhibit unique parental care by providing nutrient-rich skin for their young to feed on. Despite their elusive nature, caecilians play a crucial role in maintaining soil health by aerating the ground as they burrow and controlling insect populations.

Caiman

The caiman, a fascinating member of the Alligatoridae family, is a reptile native to Central and South America, inhabiting a range of environments from marshes and swamps to mangroves and rivers. These carnivorous creatures can grow to lengths between 4.9 to 16 feet depending on the species, with the Black Caiman being the largest.

Caimans, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, have a broad diet that includes fish, birds, and mammals, showcasing their adaptability as apex predators. They possess a strong bite force, crucial for capturing and consuming their prey. Despite their fearsome reputation, caimans play a vital role in their ecosystems, maintaining the balance by controlling the population of other species.

One interesting adaptation of the caiman is their ability to regulate body temperature through behavioral means such as basking in the sun or cooling in the water. Their armored skin, consisting of tough, scaly hide, provides significant protection against predators and environmental hazards.

Caiman Lizard

The caiman lizard (Dracaena guianensis) is a fascinating and unique reptile found primarily in South America, especially in the Amazon Basin. This semi-aquatic species is well-adapted to both land and water, thriving in forested, swampy regions. Caiman lizards are notable for their striking appearance, featuring bright green, rough, and heavily armored scales with a distinctive orange to red head. They can grow up to 4 feet in length, making them one of the larger lizard species in their habitat.

A key aspect of the caiman lizard’s biology is its specialized diet. These lizards primarily feed on aquatic snails, which they crush using their strong, broad jaws. They also consume other invertebrates, small fish, and occasionally fruits. Their robust digestive system is well-equipped to handle the tough shells of snails, showcasing a remarkable evolutionary adaptation.

Cairn Terrier

The Cairn Terrier is a small but sturdy dog breed originating from Scotland, specifically the Isle of Skye. It was initially bred to hunt vermin in the Scottish Highlands. Characterized by its fearless nature, this breed typically stands 9 to 10 inches tall and weighs between 13 to 14 pounds. Their coat, which comes in a variety of colors like cream, wheaten, red, gray, and nearly black, is weather-resistant, providing protection in harsh climates.

Cairn Terriers are known for their intelligence, agility, and inquisitive nature, making them excellent companions for active families. Despite their small size, they exhibit a bold and spirited temperament. They are also highly trainable, often excelling in dog sports and obedience competitions. Regular grooming is essential due to their double coat, which needs to be brushed regularly to prevent matting. Cairn Terriers have a life expectancy of 13 to 15 years and are generally healthy, though they can be prone to certain genetic conditions like hip dysplasia and eye problems.

Their history includes being one of the oldest terrier breeds, recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1913. They gained popularity through the character Toto in “The Wizard of Oz.” Today, Cairn Terriers continue to be beloved pets, valued for their lively and affectionate nature, making them well-suited for both urban and rural living environments.

California Condor

The California condor, a critically endangered species, is the largest flying bird in North America with a wingspan reaching up to 9.5 feet. Found primarily in the rugged terrains of California, Arizona, and Utah, these scavengers play a crucial role in the ecosystem by feeding on carrion, thus preventing the spread of disease. Despite their impressive size, condors are vulnerable due to a low reproductive rate, typically laying only one egg every two years. Lead poisoning from ingested bullet fragments in carrion remains the biggest threat to their survival.

Conservation efforts, including captive breeding and extensive monitoring programs, have helped increase the population from a mere 27 individuals in the 1980s to over 400 today. Their lifespan can extend up to 60 years in the wild, offering a significant window for recovery if conservation measures continue. California condors are known for their soaring flight, often gliding at heights of 15,000 feet, and their distinctive bald heads, which help them stay clean while feeding.

California Kingsnake

The California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) is a non-venomous snake native to the west coast of the United States and Mexico. Typically reaching lengths of 2.5 to 3.5 feet, some individuals in Mexico have been recorded at 5.5 feet. Known for its distinctive alternating dark and light bands, the kingsnake’s coloration can vary, with albino and high white morphs being particularly prized as pets.

California Kingsnakes, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are opportunistic feeders, preying on rodents, birds, reptiles, and even other snakes, exhibiting a resistance to rattlesnake venom. With an estimated population between 10,000 and 100,000, they inhabit diverse environments from deserts to woodlands. The species is listed as of “Least Concern” by the IUCN due to its stable population and widespread distribution. Kingsnakes are popular pets due to their docile nature, with prices ranging from $80 to $200 based on age and genetic traits.

California Tarantula

The California tarantula (Aphonopelma californicum) is a medium-sized brown spider native to California, Texas, and New Mexico. This species is notable for its furry appearance due to its brown hair-covered body and legs, and its ability to live up to 25 years in captivity. These spiders are nocturnal, living solitarily in burrows, which they may create themselves or occupy from other animals. Their diet primarily consists of insects, though they can also consume small lizards and mice.

California tarantulas have mild venom, which is generally harmless to humans, and they are known for their docile nature, making them popular as pets. They are classified as “Least Concern” by conservation statuses, indicating they are not currently at risk of extinction. These spiders face natural threats from predators like tarantula hawks (large wasps), snakes, and birds.

Camel

Camels, known for their remarkable adaptability to arid climates, are large mammals primarily found in North Africa and the Middle East. Camels are vital for transportation and as a source of wool, milk, and meat, serving humans for over 5,000 years. Notably, they can survive without water for up to 10 months, thanks to their ability to store fat in their humps for energy.

Camels, one of the fascinating animals starting with B, thrive in harsh desert environments, capable of enduring extreme temperature fluctuations. Despite their past wild populations, today’s camels are mostly domesticated, with a significant presence in desert regions worldwide. They face few natural predators, mainly humans and large carnivores like lions and leopards. The global camel population is robust, estimated at 20 million, ensuring their status as an integral part of desert ecosystems and human economies.

Camel Cricket

Camel crickets, also known as spider crickets, are a distinctive species found worldwide, excluding a few regions like New Caledonia and Madagascar. These crickets are characterized by their humpbacked appearance, long hind legs, and a lack of sound-producing organs, which means they do not chirp. They thrive in dark, damp environments such as caves and under logs, making them frequent uninvited guests in human dwellings, particularly in places like basements and garages.

Camel crickets are omnivores, feeding on a variety of organic materials, including plant matter, fungi, insects, and even textiles like clothes. Their diet is remarkably diverse, allowing them to subsist in various environments. They pose no direct harm to humans as they do not bite, but their presence can lead to damage to household items. Control measures typically involve reducing moisture in homes, using traps, and sealing entry points to prevent their entry.

Camel Spider

The camel spider, found in arid climates of the Middle East, Mexico, and southwestern United States, is a member of the Solifugae order within the Arachnida class. Known for its rapid movement, it can reach speeds of up to 10 mph. These creatures are solitary, nocturnal, and predominantly carnivorous, consuming a variety of desert-dwelling creatures such as beetles, small birds, and rodents.

Camel spiders are notable for their large size, ranging from 3 to 6 inches in length, and they have a life span of up to one year. Despite common myths, they are non-venomous, but their bite can be extremely painful. Their conservation status is classified as “Least Concern” due to their widespread presence and lack of major threats.

Campine Chicken

The Campine chicken, originating from the Flemish region of Belgium, is a historic breed known for its striking appearance and lively character. These birds are distinguished by their silver or golden plumage, accented by a barred pattern, and their keen foraging skills. They weigh about 4 to 6 pounds and have an average lifespan of 6 to 7 years.

Campine chickens, one of the fascinating animals starting with B, are excellent egg layers, producing around 200 white eggs annually, but they rarely exhibit broody behavior. Despite their charm and utility, the Campine chicken is critically endangered with fewer than 1,000 remaining worldwide, prompting dedicated preservation efforts by enthusiasts and breeders. This breed’s adaptability to free-ranging and its active, curious nature make it a distinctive choice for poultry enthusiasts, although its rarity presents challenges for those aiming to maintain or grow its population.

Canaan Dog

The Canaan Dog, native to the Middle East, is known for its strong survival instinct and historical significance. This breed, recognized as Israel’s national dog, dates back to ancient times, with archaeological evidence from the Ashkelon dog cemetery suggesting their presence around 500 BCE. Typically weighing up to 55 pounds, Canaan Dogs are medium-sized with a lifespan of around 15 years. They are characterized by a short, easy-to-maintain coat and are known for their alert and protective nature, making them excellent watchdogs. Their loyalty and adaptability make them suitable for various climates, though they thrive in warm conditions.

Canaan Dogs, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, require moderate exercise and are renowned for their intelligence and trainability, aligning well with active family lifestyles. Despite their robust health, they can occasionally suffer from joint dysplasia and other common canine ailments.

Canada Lynx

The Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis), native to North America, is well adapted to cold, snowy environments, with unique physical features like large, fur-covered paws that act as natural snowshoes. They inhabit boreal forests where their primary prey, the snowshoe hare, abounds. Their population follows an 11-year cycle closely linked to the abundance of these hares.

The Canada Lynx has a distinctive appearance with tufted ears and a short tail, typically weighing around 20 pounds. Conservation efforts have stabilized their numbers, but habitat fragmentation and climate change pose ongoing threats. They are generally solitary, except during mating season, and are known for their elusive nature.

Canada Warbler

The Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), known for its vibrant yellow plumage and distinctive black “necklace,” is a small songbird that breeds in North America and migrates over 3,000 miles to South America for the winter. This species prefers dense, shrubby forest habitats near the ground, which influences their nesting habits. Despite a current population estimate of around 2.6 million adults, their numbers are thought to be declining, primarily due to habitat loss.

Nevertheless, they are currently listed as “Least Concern” by conservation authorities. They are insectivores, primarily feeding on beetles, moths, flies, and caterpillars. Unique among birds, the Canada Warbler is recognized for the white rings around its eyes, making it appear as if it is wearing glasses.

Canadian Eskimo Dog

The Canadian Eskimo Dog, a breed steeped in Arctic history, has served as a vital companion and worker for the Inuit peoples for over 4,000 years. Known for its strength and endurance in harsh conditions, this breed excels in pulling sleds and hunting. Despite its capabilities and historical significance, the Canadian Eskimo Dog faces the threat of extinction, with only about 300 individuals remaining.

These dogs are large, with males weighing up to 88 lbs, and they require a cold climate to thrive. They are known for their loyalty and protective nature, making them excellent watchdogs and family pets, though they are not suited for apartment living due to their need for space and high exercise requirements. Efforts to preserve their numbers are crucial for maintaining this ancient breed.

Canadian Horse

The Canadian Horse, distinguished by its robust build and resilience, holds a pivotal role in Canadian history. Originating from stock sent by King Louis XIV to New France in the 17th century, this breed has adapted to harsh climates and diverse working conditions, becoming known as the “little iron horse.” In spite of its historical significance and versatility in riding, pulling, and farm work, the breed is considered rare with only about 2,000 individuals remaining. Noted for its endurance, strength, and gentle temperament, the Canadian Horse, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, is a prized national heritage breed, embodying a living link to the past.

Cane Corso

The Cane Corso, an Italian breed also known as the Italian Mastiff, nearly faced extinction in the mid-20th century but was revitalized by enthusiasts in Italy. Recognized by the AKC in 2010, this breed is large, typically weighing between 99 to 110 pounds, with a life expectancy of 9 to 12 years.

Famous for its confidence and intelligence, the Cane Corso is a protective family pet and an effective guard dog. It requires strong leadership and consistent training to manage its dominant tendencies. Common health concerns include hip dysplasia and idiopathic epilepsy, emphasizing the importance of responsible breeding practices.

Cane Rat

Cane rats, known as grasscutters in some regions, are robust rodents native to sub-Saharan Africa. They thrive in various habitats including wetlands and grassy hills and can weigh up to 22 pounds. These nocturnal herbivores primarily feed on grasses and occasionally crops, making them a pest in agricultural areas.

Cane rats, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are also harvested for their meat, valued in local cuisine. They live in small family groups and have a lifespan of up to 4 years in the wild. Despite the pressures of hunting and habitat loss, they are classified as “Least Concern” due to their stable population numbers.

Cane Spider

The Cane Spider, scientifically known as Heteropoda venatoria, is a large, non-web-spinning spider from the huntsman family, commonly found in tropical regions like Hawaii. Known for its impressive speed, this spider is nocturnal and hunts insects such as butterflies, moths, and cockroaches. Adults can grow up to an inch in body length with leg spans of four inches.

Regardless of being venomous, Cane Spiders are not considered dangerous to humans, as their bites are rare and typically result only in mild symptoms. They play a beneficial role in controlling pest populations in their habitats.

Cantil

The Cantil, a medium-sized pit viper found in Mexico and Central America, is known for its earth-toned coloring and distinctive head stripes. These venomous snakes prefer forests near water bodies and exhibit a diet that includes small mammals, birds, and amphibians.

The Cantil has a lifespan of about 5 to 10 years and reproduces by bearing live young, with litter sizes varying by species. Despite their fearsome reputation, Cantils are not overly aggressive but will defend themselves if threatened. Conservation efforts are crucial as some species face threats from habitat loss and human conflict.

Canvasback

The Canvasback is a North American diving duck, recognized for its unique physical features such as a sloped bill and bright red eyes. They predominantly feed on plants, with wild celery being a favorite, although their diet also includes mussels and insects. Canvasbacks breed mostly in western Canada and Alaska, creating nests that can float on water. During winter, they migrate to the southern United States and Mexico.

The Canvasback, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, is currently classified as of “Least Concern,” with a population of approximately 700,000 individuals, demonstrating its robust status despite previous conservation concerns.

Cape Lion

The Cape Lion, known scientifically as Panthera leo melanochaitus, was a subspecies of lion found in South Africa, identified by its dark mane. Historically, it roamed the plains near the Cape region but faced extinction due to hunting and habitat loss by European settlers. Although considered functionally extinct since the late 19th century, debate continues regarding its classification, with some genetic studies suggesting it was not markedly distinct from other African lions. Efforts to find or recreate the Cape Lion through captive specimens have been inconclusive.

Capuchin

Capuchin monkeys, native to Central and South America, are renowned for their intelligence and adaptability. Weighing between 3 to 9 pounds and growing up to 22 inches in length, capuchins are diurnal and omnivorous, consuming a varied diet including fruits, insects, and other small animals. Social creatures, they live in groups led by a dominant male and exhibit complex social behaviors like tool use and mutual grooming.

Despite their charm, capuchins face threats from the pet trade and habitat loss, making conservation efforts vital for their survival. They are popular in media due to their trainability but require careful, knowledgeable handling as pets.

Capybara

The Capybara, known as Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, is the largest rodent globally, found in Central and South America’s water-rich regions. This semi-aquatic mammal has a body length of up to 4.3 feet and can weigh as much as 154 pounds. Capybaras have webbed feet and fur that ranges from brown to yellow, adapting them superbly to their aquatic habitats. They live in groups, feeding mainly on grasses, aquatic plants, and fruit. The species faces threats from hunting and habitat loss but remains classified as “Least Concern” by conservationists due to its stable population levels.

Caracal

The Caracal, known for its distinctive black ear tufts, is a versatile predator native to Africa and parts of Asia. This medium-sized cat weighs between 24 to 40 pounds and can reach up to 50 mph in pursuit of prey like hares, mice, and birds. Highly adaptable, caracals inhabit dry woodlands and savannahs, where they can live up to 15 years in the wild. Even with their solitary nature, caracals are effective hunters, capable of leaping high into the air to catch birds mid-flight. Their conservation status is generally listed as “Least Concern,” though their populations are threatened by habitat loss and hunting in some areas.

Cardinal

Cardinals, belonging to the family Cardinalidae, are medium to large songbirds found throughout North and South America. These birds, known for their bright red, blue, and orange colors, inhabit diverse environments ranging from forests to scrublands. Cardinals are primarily omnivorous, feeding on insects, fruits, and seeds. They are socially monogamous, often breeding with one partner per season, and are known for their distinctive vocalizations.

Notwithstanding facing threats like habitat loss and climate change, most cardinal species are currently classified as “Least Concern” by conservationists, thanks to their stable population, which is estimated at around 120 million.

Caribbean Reef Shark

The Caribbean Reef Shark, often encountered in the clear waters along coral reefs from Florida to Brazil, plays a crucial role in marine ecosystems by helping regulate fish populations. These sharks are a favorite among divers, but their survival is threatened by overfishing and habitat destruction. Recognized for their slender bodies and agile swimming, Caribbean Reef Sharks, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, can reach up to 10 feet in length. Efforts to protect these sharks are essential not only for their conservation but also for maintaining the health of coral reefs.

Caribou

The reindeer, scientifically known as Rangifer tarandus, is a deer species found across the Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal forests, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. It is the sole representative of the genus Rangifer. Recent studies propose the classification of reindeer and caribou into six distinct species across their geographical range.

Reindeer populations exhibit both migratory and sedentary behaviors, with herd sizes varying significantly by region. Subspecies inhabiting the tundra have developed adaptations for extreme cold, with some also specialized for long-distance migrations.

Carolina Dog

The Carolina dog, also known as a yellow dog, yaller dog, American dingo, or Dixie dingo, is a medium-sized breed occasionally found in the wild across the Southeastern United States, particularly in remote areas with longleaf pines and cypress swamps. Efforts to formalize its status as a standardized breed have led to recognition in two smaller kennel clubs and full acceptance into the breed-establishment program of a major kennel club.

Originally classified as a landrace breed, the Carolina dog, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, was rediscovered in a free-roaming population by I. Lehr Brisbin Jr., although it was initially documented in American dog-related publications as early as the 1920s. Genetic studies indicate admixture with dog breeds originating from East Asia.

Carolina Parakeet

The Carolina parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis), or Carolina conure, was the only indigenous parrot in its range, which included the Eastern, Midwest, and Plains states of the U.S. It had a bright yellow head, reddish orange face, and pale beak. This species was one of the few parrots native to the United States, sharing this distinction with the thick-billed parrot and the green parakeet, with the addition of the debated red-crowned amazon. Known to the Seminole as puzzi la née (“head of yellow”) and to the Chickasaw as kelinky, it became rare by the mid-19th century. The last known wild sighting was in 1910, and the species was declared extinct in 1939, with the last captive individual, named Incas, dying at the Cincinnati Zoo in 1918.

Carp

The term “carp” encompasses a variety of freshwater fish from the Cyprinidae family, primarily found in Eurasia. Appreciated in the Old World for food and ornamentation, they are seen as pests in parts of Africa, Australia, and the US. Breeding programs aim to enhance growth, shape, and disease resistance. For example, in the USSR, hybrids were bred for improved genetic diversity and traits like cold tolerance and growth rate. Experiments have shown significant improvements, including a reduction in disease mortality rates and enhanced cold tolerance in subsequent generations.

Carpenter Ant

Carpenter ants construct their nests within wood by carving out galleries using their mandibles, often in damp, dead wood, though they do not consume the wood itself. Instead, they expel a sawdust-like material outside their nests. These ants can also cause structural damage by infesting wooden buildings and structures. Beyond this, their excavation activities contribute to forest decomposition. The genus comprises over 1,000 species. Additionally, carpenter ants engage in a form of mutualism by farming aphids, protecting them from predators in exchange for honeydew, which they harvest by stroking the aphids with their antennae.

Carpet Beetle

The carpet beetle, a common household pest, can be found worldwide in diverse habitats such as woodlands, urban areas, and forests. They belong to the order Coleoptera and family Dermestidae. Carpet beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis from egg to adult, feeding on plant and animal products at different life stages. While larvae can damage natural fibers like wool and silk, adults feed on pollen and nectar. Management of carpet beetle infestations involves cleanliness, using heat treatments, and sealing entry points to prevent their access to indoor environments.

Carpet Python

The carpet python, also known as Morelia spilota, is native to Australia and Papua New Guinea, thriving in diverse habitats like rainforests, savannas, and rocky areas. These non-venomous snakes are known for their calm temperament, making them popular as pets.

They can grow up to 12 feet in length and live over 20 years. Carpet pythons, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are solitary except during mating season, and their diet mainly consists of birds and mammals. They are proficient climbers and active predators, employing constriction to subdue prey. The species is currently listed as of “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable population despite threats like habitat

Carpet Viper

Echis, known as saw-scaled or carpet vipers, is a genus of venomous vipers distributed across dry regions in Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia including India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. These vipers are notorious for their unique threat display, which involves rubbing their scales together to produce a sizzling sound as a warning. The name “Echis” is derived from the Greek word for “viper.” This genus includes several species that are among the leading causes of snakebite incidents and fatalities worldwide. Currently, twelve species of Echis are recognized.

Carrion Beetle

Silphidae, commonly known as large carrion, carrion, or burying beetles, consists of approximately two hundred species divided into two subfamilies: Silphinae and Nicrophorinae, the latter sometimes called sexton beetles. These beetles, prevalent in temperate regions with some tropical endemics, primarily consume decaying organic matter such as dead animals. Nicrophorinae is noted for exhibiting parental care and having specific carcass preferences. Their significance extends to forensic entomology, where they aid in estimating post-mortem intervals when found on decaying bodies.

Cascabel

The cascabel, also known as the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus), is native to Central and South America. This species thrives in dry lowlands, scrublands, savannas, and drier mountain slopes. Cascabels, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, can reach lengths of up to 6 feet and are distinguished by their diamond patterns and stripes on the head and neck. They are solitary, nocturnal hunters, primarily preying on small rodents, lizards, and birds. Despite being venomous, they are not aggressive and prefer to flee when threatened. The IUCN lists their conservation status as “Least Concern.”

Cashmere Goat

A cashmere goat is known for producing cashmere wool, a fine, soft, downy undercoat that grows as days shorten. This undercoat is complemented by an outer layer of coarse guard hair present year-round. Both common and dairy goat breeds have this two-coated fleece, with down from secondary follicles and guard hair from primary follicles. In 1994, China, the largest producer of cashmere, had about 123 million goats. Efforts have been made to develop more productive breeds. The cashmere goat is grouped with fiber goats like the Pygora, Nigora, and Angora goats.

Cassowary

Cassowaries are flightless birds of the genus Casuarius in the order Casuariiformes. Classified as ratites, they lack a keel on their sternum bones. These birds are native to the tropical forests of New Guinea (Papua New Guinea and Western New Guinea), the Moluccas (Seram and Aru Islands), and northeastern Australia.

Three cassowary species are extant. The southern cassowary is the third-tallest and second-heaviest living bird, only smaller than the ostrich and emu. The other two species are the northern cassowary and the dwarf cassowary. The northern cassowary, the most recently discovered, is also the most threatened. Additionally, an extinct species, the pygmy cassowary, is recognized.

Cat

The cat (Felis catus), also known as the domestic or house cat, is a small, domesticated carnivorous mammal and the only domesticated species in the Felidae family. Archaeological and genetic studies indicate that domestication occurred in the Near East around 7500 BC. Cats are popular as pets and are valued for their companionship and ability to control vermin. They have retractable claws, a strong and flexible body, quick reflexes, and excellent night vision and sense of smell. While social, they are solitary hunters and crepuscular predators. Their communication includes vocalizations like meowing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting, along with body language. They can hear high-frequency sounds and perceive pheromones.

Cat Snake

Boiga is a large genus of rear-fanged, mildly venomous snakes, commonly known as cat snakes, belonging to the family Colubridae. These snakes are native to Southeast Asia, India, and Australia but have spread to other suitable habitats worldwide due to their hardiness and adaptability. The genus comprises 38 recognized species. A study by Jiří Smíd on Old World cat snakes suggests that their ancestor originated in Africa and diversified into other regions. Despite their diversity, Boiga species have similar temperature and precipitation needs.

Cat-Eyed Snake

The cat-eyed snake (Leptodeira annulata) is native to Central and South America, thriving in diverse habitats such as grasslands, scrublands, and rainforests. It is known for its distinctive large eyes with vertical pupils, aiding its nocturnal hunting. Growing up to five feet, this rear-fanged snake preys on frogs, lizards, and rodents. It has a mild venom that poses minimal threat to humans. The species is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, though habitat destruction remains a threat to its population.

Cat-Faced Spider

Araneus gemmoides, commonly known as the jewel spider or cat-faced spider, is a common orb-weaver found in Canada and the USA. Known for its harmless nature and low-toxicity venom, this spider is an effective natural predator of insects. It typically constructs webs near lights, enclosed spaces, and building exteriors, and can also be found under wood or in protected areas like animal burrows. Easily identified by the two horn-shaped growths on its large abdomen, its color varies with the seasons.

Catahoula Bulldog

The Catahoula Bulldog is a hybrid breed, a mix between the Louisiana Catahoula Leopard Dog and the American Bulldog. They are medium to large-sized dogs, weighing between 75 to 100 pounds and standing 24 to 26 inches tall. Known for their loyalty and energetic nature, they are excellent family pets but require early training and ample exercise. These dogs have a lifespan of 10 to 14 years and are prone to health issues like hip dysplasia and allergies. Their diet should be tailored to their life stage, and they thrive best in large, open environments.

Catahoula Leopard

The Catahoula Leopard Dog, Louisiana’s only native breed, is a versatile working dog known for herding, hunting, and guarding. These dogs typically weigh 60-95 pounds and stand 20-24 inches tall. With a lifespan of 10-14 years, they are intelligent, energetic, and loyal, making excellent family companions for active households. They have a varied coat that includes colors like blue merle, red merle, and brindle. Prone to hip dysplasia, deafness, and eye issues, their health needs careful monitoring. Catahoulas, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are trainable but require early socialization and consistent exercise.

Catalan Sheepdog

The Catalan Sheepdog (Catalan: Gos d’atura català, French: Berger Catalan, Spanish: Pastor catalán) is a breed from the Catalan Pyrenees used for herding sheep. Predominantly bred in Europe, especially Spain, Finland, Germany, and Sweden, these dogs range from 17 to 19 inches in height and 45 to 60 pounds in weight for males, with females being slightly smaller. They have a long, flat, or slightly wavy coat that varies from fawn to dark sable and light to dark grey. There is also a nearly extinct short-haired variety. Male dogs typically measure 47−55 cm and weigh 20−25 kg, while females measure 45−53 cm and weigh 17−21 kg.

Caterpillar

Caterpillars (/ˈkætərpɪlər/ KAT-ər-pil-ər) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera, which includes butterflies and moths. However, the term also applies to the larvae of sawflies (suborder Symphyta). Both lepidopteran and symphytan larvae have eruciform body shapes.

Most caterpillars feed on plant material, primarily leaves, but some (about 1%) are carnivorous, consuming insects or even practicing cannibalism. Others feed on animal products, such as clothes moths on wool and horn moths on the hooves and horns of dead ungulates.

Caterpillars are generally voracious eaters, making many of them significant agricultural pests. Some moth species are better known for the damage their caterpillars cause to fruits and crops than for the adult moths, which often do no direct harm. Conversely, various caterpillar species are valued for producing silk, serving as food for humans or animals, or being used in biological control of pest plants.

Catfish

Catfish are a diverse group of ray-finned fish named for their prominent barbels, resembling a cat’s whiskers. They vary widely in size and behavior, from the large Mekong giant catfish, wels catfish, and piraíba, to detritivores and the tiny parasitic candiru (Vandellia cirrhosa). Catfish lack scales, whether armour-plated or naked. Not all species have prominent barbels. Siluriformes are distinguished by skull and swimbladder features. They hold commercial importance, with larger species farmed or fished for food, and smaller species like Corydoras popular in aquariums. Catfish are generally nocturnal, though some are crepuscular or diurnal.

Caucasian Shepherd Dog

The Caucasian Shepherd Dog, or Caucasian Ovcharka, is a large livestock guardian dog native to the Caucasus region, including Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Dagestan. Bred in the Soviet Union around 1920 from dogs of the Caucasus Mountains and Southern Russia’s steppe regions, it is notably distributed in Georgia. These dogs typically weigh 45–70 kg, with preferred heights of 67–70 cm for bitches and 72–75 cm for dogs. Minimum registration requirements are 64 cm and 40 kg for bitches, and 68 cm and 50 kg for dogs. In 2020, life expectancy was reported at 10–11 years, but a 2024 study found the median lifespan to be 5.4 years, the lowest among all breeds studied.

Cava Tzu

The Cava Tzu is a small hybrid breed combining the Shih Tzu and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, typically weighing 10-16 pounds and standing about 18 inches tall. Known for their playful and affectionate temperament, they make excellent family pets and are easy to train. They have a varied coat color, including black, brown, white, and tan. Common health issues include mitral valve disease, hip dysplasia, and brachycephalic syndrome. They require regular grooming and moderate exercise, with a lifespan of 12-15 years.

Cavador

The Cavador is a hybrid breed, a mix of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and Labrador Retriever, weighing 22-55 pounds and standing 18-25 inches tall. Known for their friendly and intelligent nature, they make excellent family pets and service dogs. With a lifespan of 10-14 years, common health issues include hip dysplasia, ear infections, and progressive retinal atrophy. These energetic dogs require about an hour of daily exercise and regular grooming for their medium-shedding coat.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) is a British toy dog breed of the spaniel type. It comes in four recognized colors: Blenheim (chestnut and white), tricolor (black/white/tan), black and tan, and ruby, all with smooth and silky coats. The breed’s lifespan ranges from eight to twelve years.

In the late seventeenth century, the breed changed significantly due to interbreeding with flat-nosed breeds. Until the 1920s, it shared a history with the smaller King Charles Spaniel. Breeders then aimed to recreate the dog resembling Charles II’s spaniel from the English Civil War era.

Cavapoo

The Cavapoo, a hybrid of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and Poodle, weighs between 9-25 pounds and stands 9-16 inches tall. Known for their friendly and intelligent nature, they are great family pets and therapy dogs. They have low shedding coats, often hypoallergenic, and require moderate exercise. Common health issues include mitral valve disease, progressive retinal atrophy, and luxating patella. Cavapoos, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, typically live 10-15 years and need consistent grooming and training. They are well-suited for families with older children due to their smaller size.

Cave Bear

The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) is a prehistoric species that lived in Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene, becoming extinct about 24,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Maximum. The term “cave” and the scientific name “spelaeus” are used because fossils of this species were mostly found in caves. Experts believe cave bears spent more time in caves than the brown bear, which uses caves primarily for hibernation. It is thought that the cave bear was largely herbivorous.

Cave Lion

The cave lion (Panthera spelaea), also known as the Eurasian cave lion, was one of the largest lions, standing nearly 4 feet tall at the shoulder and 7 feet long, excluding the tail. Weighing over 700 pounds, they roamed across Asia, Europe, and North America. Unlike modern lions, cave lions lacked significant manes and may have had stripes. They preyed primarily on reindeer and young bear cubs. Extinct around 10,000 years ago, they were likely hunted by prehistoric humans for their pelts.

Cecropia Moth

Hyalophora cecropia, the cecropia moth, is North America’s largest native moth and belongs to the Saturniidae family, also known as giant silk moths. Females can have wingspans of five to seven inches (13 to 18 cm) or more. These moths are widespread across North America, reaching as far west as Washington and into the majority of Canadian provinces. Cecropia moth larvae primarily feed on maple trees but are also found on cherry, birch, and other trees. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 1758 edition of Systema Naturae.

Cedar Waxwing

The cedar waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) is a member of the Bombycillidae family of passerine birds. This medium-sized bird features brown, gray, and yellow plumage with red-tipped wing feathers resembling sealing wax, which inspires its common name. Native to North and Central America, it breeds in southern Canada and winters in the southern U.S., Central America, and the far northwest of South America.

The cedar waxwing’s diet includes cedar cones, fruit, holly berries, and insects. Listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List, its genus name, Bombycilla, derives from Ancient Greek and Modern Latin, translating to “silk-tail.” The specific epithet, cedrorum, means “of the cedars” in Latin.

Centipede

Centipedes are predatory arthropods in the class Chilopoda (Ancient Greek χεῖλος, kheilos, “lip”, and Neo-Latin suffix -poda, “foot”), part of the subphylum Myriapoda, which also includes millipedes. These elongated, segmented creatures have one pair of legs per body segment. All centipedes are venomous, injecting venom through forcipules (modified legs).

Despite their name, no centipede has exactly 100 pairs of legs; leg pairs range from 15 to 191. Centipedes, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are generalist carnivores with a broad geographic range, requiring moist microhabitats due to their lack of a waxy cuticle. They avoid direct sunlight by staying under cover or being nocturnal.

Central Ranges Taipan

The Central Ranges taipan, or Western Desert taipan (Oxyuranus temporalis), is a species of taipan described in 2007 by Australian researchers Paul Doughty, Brad Maryan, Stephen Donnellan, and Mark Hutchinson. Taipans are large, fast, and extremely venomous Australasian snakes. The Central Ranges taipan was recognized as one of the top-five new species of 2007 by the International Institute for Species Exploration at Arizona State University. Dr. Mark Hutchinson, from the South Australian Museum, captured an immature female, about 1.0 m (39 inches) long, which was then sent to the Western Australian Museum for further inspection due to its highly venomous nature.

Cephalaspis

Cephalaspis, like its relatives, was heavily armored, likely for defense against predatory placoderms and eurypterids, and served as a calcium source in calcium-poor freshwater environments. It had sensory patches along the rim and center of its head shield to detect worms and burrowing organisms in the mud. As a bottom-feeder, Cephalaspis used its mouth, situated beneath its head, to stir up sand and mud, uncovering prey like worms and crustaceans, and sifting through detritus, inferred from its lack of jaws and inability to bite.

Ceratopsian

Ceratopsia or Ceratopia is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs that thrived during the Cretaceous Period in North America, Europe, and Asia, with ancestral forms dating back to the Jurassic. The earliest known ceratopsian, Yinlong downsi, lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago, while the last species, Triceratops prorsus, became extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.

Triceratops is the most recognized ceratopsian. While it is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in “-ceratops,” this is not always the case. One of the first named genera was Ceratops, which gave the group its name, although it is now considered a nomen dubium because its fossil remains lack unique characteristics not found in other ceratopsians.

Ceratosaurus

Ceratosaurus was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period (Kimmeridgian to Tithonian ages). First described in 1884 by American paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh, the type species is Ceratosaurus nasicornis. The most complete specimen was found in Garden Park, Colorado, in the Morrison Formation.

Two other species, Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus and Ceratosaurus magnicornis, were described in 2000 but their validity is debated. Juvenile and partial specimens were found in Portugal, and fragmentary remains have been reported in Tanzania, Uruguay, and Switzerland, though their classification as Ceratosaurus is disputed.

Cervalces latifrons

Cervalces latifrons, commonly known as the broad-fronted moose, was the largest deer species ever, standing about 6.91 to 7.83 feet at the shoulder and weighing up to 2,600 pounds. It lived during the Pleistocene Epoch in Europe, Asia, and later North America. This solitary herbivore primarily fed on barks, leaves, and shoots of trees like willow and birch. Predators included dire wolves and brown bears. Cervalces latifrons, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, became extinct about 100,000 years ago, likely due to habitat changes and human hunting.

Cesky Fousek

The Cesky Fousek is a versatile Czech hunting dog breed used for hunting, pointing, and retrieving. The name comes from Czech, with “český” meaning Czech and “fousek” derived from words for facial hair. While “Český Fousek” refers to males, females are traditionally called “Česká Fouska.”

Part of the griffon hunting dog family, they feature a beard and mustache. Males and females show a size difference, with males weighing up to 11 kilograms (24 lbs) more. This medium-sized breed has a coarse coat, muscular build, and distinctive facial fur, including soft, bushy eyebrows, a mustache, and a beard. Their ears hang loosely, and their deep-set almond-shaped eyes can be amber or brown.

Cesky Terrier

The Cesky Terrier was developed by Czech breeder František Horák in 1948, by crossing a Sealyham Terrier and a Scottish Terrier to create a hunting terrier suited for the forests of Bohemia. Horák, though not formally trained, gained expertise as a research assistant at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. During the communist regime, the international popularity of his dogs drew attention from the secret police. Horák passed away in 1997.

The Cesky Terrier, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, is a well-muscled, short-legged hunting terrier with a rectangular build. It has natural drop ears, a natural tail, and a long, silky coat that varies in shades of gray (black pigmented) or occasionally brown (liver pigmented). The breed is longer than it is tall and has a topline that rises slightly to the rear.

Chain Pickerel

The chain pickerel, known for its distinctive dark, chain-like pattern on greenish sides, has a vertical dark marking under the eye. This differentiates it from redfin pickerel (Esox americanus americanus) and grass pickerel (E. americanus vermiculatus), which have a posteriorly curving mark.

The chain pickerel’s body resembles the northern pike (E. lucius) but with entirely scaled opercles and cheeks. It can grow up to 78.7 cm (31 in) on rare occasions, typically averaging 61 cm (24 in) and 1.5 kg (3 lb). With a lifespan of around 8 years, it is sometimes called “gunfish,” “gunny,” or “slime dart” due to its slime coating. The average chain pickerel caught by fishermen usually weighs under 2 lb.

Chameleon

Chameleons, or chamaeleons (family Chamaeleonidae), are a distinctive and highly specialized clade of Old World lizards, with 200 species described as of June 2015. Members of this family are renowned for their remarkable range of colors and their ability to shift colors for camouflage. The numerous species within this family show significant variability in their color-changing capabilities. For some species, this involves only a shift in brightness (shades of brown), while others can display a vast array of color combinations, including reds, yellows, greens, and blues.

Chameleons are also noted for their zygodactylous feet, prehensile tails, laterally compressed bodies, head casques, projectile tongues used for catching prey, and their distinctive swaying gait. Additionally, some species have crests or horns on their brow and snout. One of the most remarkable features of chameleons is their independently mobile eyes, which allow the chameleon’s brain to constantly analyze two separate images of its environment. When hunting prey, these eyes can focus forward in coordination, providing the animal with stereoscopic vision.

Chamois

The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), also known as the Alpine chamois, is a species of goat-antelope native to the mountains of Southern Europe. It ranges from the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Apennines, the Dinarides, the Tatra, the Carpathian Mountains, the Balkan Mountains, the Rila–Rhodope massif, Pindus, the northeastern mountains of Turkey, to the Caucasus. Additionally, it has been introduced to the South Island of New Zealand. Some subspecies of chamois are strictly protected in the EU under the European Habitats Directive.

The chamois, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, is a very small bovid. A fully grown chamois stands at a height of 70–80 cm (28–31 in) and measures 107–137 cm (42–54 in). Males, which weigh between 30–60 kg (66–132 lb), are slightly larger than females, which weigh between 25–45 kg (55–99 lb).

Both males and females possess short, straightish horns that hook backward near the tip, with the male’s horn being thicker. During the summer, the fur is a rich brown color, which changes to light grey in winter. Distinctive characteristics include white contrasting marks on the sides of the head with pronounced black stripes below the eyes, a white rump, and a black stripe along the back.

Chartreux

The Chartreux is a rare breed of cat from France, recognized by various registries worldwide. The Chartreux is large and muscular (referred to as cobby) with relatively short, fine-boned limbs and very fast reflexes. They are known for their blue (silver-grey) water-resistant short hair double coats, which are often slightly thick in texture (showing “breaks” like sheepskin) and have orange or copper-colored eyes. Chartreux cats are also famous for their “smile”; due to the structure of their heads and tapered muzzles, they often appear to be smiling. Chartreux are exceptional hunters and are highly prized by farmers.

For every French cat with a pedigree, the first letter of the official name of a Chartreux cat encodes the year of its birth. All Chartreux born in the same year have official names beginning with the same letter. The code letters rotate through the alphabet each year, omitting the letters K, Q, W, X, Y, and Z. For example, a Chartreux born in 2021 would have an official name starting with the letter S.

Cheagle

The Cheagle is a small hybrid dog breed, a cross between the Chihuahua and Beagle, weighing 9-20 pounds and standing 9-14 inches tall. They are known for their loyal, energetic, and charismatic nature, making them excellent family pets. Cheagles have a lifespan of 10-14 years and can be prone to health issues such as heart disease, hip dysplasia, and obesity. They require moderate exercise, regular grooming, and are suitable for warm climates. Their coat can be a mix of black, white, cream, and brown.

Checkered Garter Snake

The checkered garter snake is typically greenish in color, featuring a distinct black checkerboard pattern along its back. It can grow to a total length (including tail) of up to 42 inches (107 cm), but is usually between 18 to 24 inches (46 to 61 cm).

The diet of T. marcianus includes small frogs, toads, small fish, and earthworms. When kept as a pet, it can be trained to eat live or freeze-thawed mice, although it can be a fussy eater and may suddenly refuse mice at any point.

T. marcianus, one of the fascinating animals starting with C, was long thought to be nonvenomous, but recent discoveries have shown that it does produce a mild neurotoxic venom. This venom is not lethal to humans, as the small amount produced is comparatively mild, and the snake lacks an effective means of delivering it. Although they have enlarged teeth in the back of their mouths, their gums are significantly larger. The Duvernoy’s gland, responsible for venom production, is located posterior to the snake’s eyes. The mild venom is spread into wounds through a chewing action.

Cheetah

The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large cat renowned as the fastest land animal. It features a tawny to creamy white or pale buff fur adorned with evenly spaced, solid black spots. The cheetah has a small, rounded head with a short snout and distinctive black tear-like streaks on its face. It stands at 67–94 cm (26–37 in) at the shoulder, with a head-and-body length ranging from 1.1 to 1.5 m (3 ft 7 in to 4 ft 11 in). Adult cheetahs weigh between 21 and 72 kg (46 and 159 lb). This species can run at speeds of 93 to 104 km/h (58 to 65 mph), thanks to specialized adaptations such as a light build, long thin legs, and a long tail.

The cheetah, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, was first described in the late 18th century, and today, four subspecies are recognized, native to Africa and central Iran. An African subspecies was introduced to India in 2022. Currently, the cheetah is primarily found in small, fragmented populations across northwestern, eastern, and southern Africa, as well as central Iran. It inhabits diverse environments, including savannahs in the Serengeti, arid mountain ranges in the Sahara, and hilly desert terrains.

Cheetahs live in three main social groups: females with their cubs, male “coalitions,” and solitary males. Females are nomadic, roaming large home ranges in search of prey, while males are more sedentary, establishing smaller territories in areas abundant with prey and female access. Curious for more? Read the full article here!

Chesapeake Bay Retriever

The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a large breed of dog classified under the retriever, gundog, and sporting breed groups. This breed was developed in the Chesapeake Bay area of the United States during the 19th century. Historically, it was employed by local market hunters to retrieve waterfowl, pull fishing nets, and rescue fishermen. Today, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever is primarily known as a family pet and hunting companion, characterized by its bright and happy disposition, courage, willingness to work, alertness, intelligence, love of water, and hunting abilities. It is a medium- to large-sized dog, resembling the Labrador Retriever, but distinguished by its wavy coat.

Notable features of the Chesapeake Bay Retriever, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, include very clear eyes of yellowish or amber hue, hindquarters that are as high or slightly higher than the shoulders, and a double coat that tends to wave on the shoulders, neck, back, and loins. The breed’s waterproof coat feels slightly oily and often has a mild musky odor. The breed typically exhibits three basic coat colors: brown, ranging from light to deep dark brown; sedge, which varies from reddish yellow through bright red to chestnut shades; and deadgrass, with hues varying from faded tan to dull straw color.

Chestnut-Sided Warbler

The chestnut-sided warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica) is a species of New World warbler that breeds in eastern North America and southern Canada, extending westward to the Canadian Prairies. Additionally, they breed in the Great Lakes region and the eastern United States.

These birds are migratory, wintering in Central America and extending south to northern Colombia, with a confirmed sighting as far south as Ecuador. They are also very rare vagrants to western Europe. The chestnut-sided warbler arrives in its breeding range in May and departs by mid-September.

This species is a moderately-sized New World warbler. Despite significant differences in plumage, it is believed to be closely related to the widespread yellow warbler. The chestnut-sided warbler measures between 10 to 14 cm (3.9 to 5.5 in) in length and has a wingspan of 16 to 21 cm (6.3 to 8.3 in). The body weight of this species ranges from 8 to 13.1 g (0.28 to 0.46 oz).

Chi Chi

The Chi Chi is a designer dog breed, a mix of the Chihuahua and the Chinese Crested. These small dogs weigh between 5 to 12 pounds and stand 5 to 12 inches tall. Known for their affectionate and playful nature, they are ideal for apartment living and make excellent family pets. They can have various coat types, from hairless to fluffy, and typically have a lifespan of 12 to 20 years. Common health issues include luxating patellas and eye diseases, and they require regular grooming and early socialization for the best behavior.

Chickadee

The chickadees, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are a group of North American birds belonging to the family Paridae and included in the genus Poecile. Species found in North America are referred to as chickadees, while those found elsewhere are known as tits. These birds are small, typically measuring between 6 to 14 centimeters (2.4 to 5.5 inches) in size, with the crown of the head and throat patch being distinctly darker than the rest of the body.

The chickadee, specifically the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus, formerly Parus atricapillus), holds several official titles. It is the official bird of the US state of Massachusetts, the Canadian province of New Brunswick, and the city of Calgary, Alberta. Additionally, the chickadee is the state bird of Maine, although a specific species has never been designated. A proposed bill in 2019 aimed to name the black-capped chickadee as the official species for Maine, but it was unanimously voted down in committee. The de facto species for Maine remains the black-capped chickadee.

Chicken

The chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a large, round, short-winged bird domesticated from the red junglefowl of Southeast Asia approximately 8,000 years ago. Primarily raised for food, chickens provide both meat and eggs, although some are kept as pets or for cockfighting.

Chickens are among the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a global population of 23.7 billion as of 2018 and an annual production exceeding 50 billion birds. A hen bred for laying can produce over 300 eggs per year. Chickens hold significant cultural importance, frequently appearing in folklore, religion, and literature.

Chicken Snake

The chicken snake, scientifically known as Spilotes pullatus, is a large, non-venomous constrictor found in southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. These snakes can grow between 4 to 7 feet long, with some reports suggesting they can reach up to 14 feet. They have a distinctive black and yellow coloration, often with crossbands or net-like patterns. Chicken snakes, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are diurnal hunters, feeding on rodents, lizards, bats, and birds. They are listed as “Least Concern” by the IUCN, indicating a stable population. These snakes are solitary and territorial, and although they are not aggressive, they may bite if threatened.

Chigger

Trombicula, commonly referred to as chiggers, red bugs, scrub-itch mites, or berry bugs, are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods) belonging to the Trombiculidae family. In their larval stage, they attach to various animals and humans, feeding on skin and often causing itching and trombiculosis. These relatives of ticks are nearly microscopic, measuring approximately 0.4 mm (0.01 in) and possess a chrome-orange hue. A prevalent species of harvest mite in North America is Trombicula alfreddugesi.

The larval mites feed on the skin cells, rather than the blood, of animals. The six-legged parasitic larvae consume a wide range of hosts, including humans, rabbits, wallabies, toads, box turtles, quail, and even some insects. After crawling onto their hosts, they inject digestive enzymes into the skin that break down skin cells.

Chiggers do not actually “bite” but instead form a hole in the skin called a stylostome and chew up tiny parts of the inner skin, resulting in severe irritation and swelling. The intense itching is accompanied by red pimple-like bumps (papules), hives, and skin rash or lesions on sun-exposed areas. For humans, itching usually occurs after the larvae detach from the skin.

Chihuahua

The Chihuahua (or Spanish: Chihuahueño) is a Mexican breed of toy dog, named after the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It is one of the smallest dog breeds and is primarily kept as a companion animal or for showing.

Chihuahuas are the smallest breed recognized by some kennel clubs. Current breed standards defined by registries specify an “apple-head” or “apple-dome” skull conformation. Chihuahuas can exhibit virtually any color combination, ranging from solid to marked or splashed. Apple-dome Chihuahuas are characterized by their large, round eyes, and large, erect ears set in a high, dramatically rounded skull. The stop is well-defined, forming a near-90-degree angle where the muzzle meets the skull.

Dogs of the older “deer” type, with a flat-topped head, more widely set eyes, larger ears, and longer, more slender legs, may still be registered. However, the deer head is not considered a separate type in competition, and a deer-head dog’s deviation from the breed standard is considered a fault.

Chihuahua Mix

The Chihuahua mix is a diverse category encompassing various hybrid dogs, each with unique characteristics influenced by the Chihuahua and the other breed involved. These mixes typically retain the small size of the Chihuahua, usually weighing between 5 to 20 pounds and standing 6 to 15 inches tall. They are known for their affectionate, playful, and sometimes feisty nature. Common health issues may include dental problems, patellar luxation, and heart disease, depending on the mix. They require regular grooming, socialization, and moderate exercise. These adaptable dogs are suited for apartment living and families.

Children’s python

The children’s python (Antaresia childreni) is a species of nonvenomous snake belonging to the family Pythonidae. Named after John George Children, this nocturnal species is native to the northern half of Australia. While it is generally terrestrial, it frequently climbs trees. Typically, this snake grows to about 1.0 meter (3 feet) in length or more, depending on the polymorphic variant. It usually exhibits a reddish-brown coloration, darker on the upper surface, with numerous darker blotches, especially noticeable in younger specimens. The Stimson’s python variant is characterized by much stronger and more variable colors, often featuring reddish-brown to chocolate blotches against a lighter tan background.

Children’s pythons, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, primarily feed on small mammals and birds, using constriction to subdue their prey before swallowing it whole. Due to its manageable size and docile nature, it is a popular pet among reptile enthusiasts.

Chilean Recluse Spider

The Chilean recluse spider (Loxosceles laeta) is a highly venomous arachnid belonging to the family Sicariidae. In Spanish, it is commonly referred to as “araña de rincón” or “corner spider,” while in Brazilian Portuguese, it is known as “aranha-marrom” or “brown spider.” This species is widely regarded as the most dangerous of the recluse spiders, with bites that can cause severe systemic reactions, potentially leading to death.

The Chilean recluse is among the larger recluse spiders, typically measuring between 8–40 mm in size, including the legs. Like most recluses, it is brown and often features markings on the dorsal side of its thorax. A distinctive black line extends from these markings, resembling a violin with the neck pointing toward the rear of the spider. This resemblance has led to the nicknames “fiddleback spider” or “violin spider” in English-speaking regions. The coloration of the Chilean recluse can vary from light tan to brown, and the violin marking may not always be visible.

Chilean Rose Tarantula

The Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea), also referred to as the rose hair tarantula, the Chilean fire tarantula, or the Chilean red-haired tarantula (depending on the color morph), is one of the most common species of tarantula available in American and European pet stores today. This prevalence is due to the large number of wild-caught specimens exported inexpensively from their native Chile into the pet trade. The species is also found in Bolivia and Argentina.

G. rosea is a popular pet among tarantula enthusiasts. Females have been known to live as long as 20 years, but due to the limited time they have been available on the market for extensive study, they may live considerably longer. Historically, there was considerable confusion between this species and Grammostola porteri. However, in 2022, the World Spider Catalog revised the latter as a junior synonym of Grammostola rosea.

Chilesaurus

Chilesaurus is an extinct genus of herbivorous dinosaur, with the only known species being Chilesaurus diegosuarezi. This dinosaur lived between 148-147 million years ago during the Late Jurassic period in what is now Chile. Chilesaurus exhibits a unique combination of traits from theropods, ornithischians, and sauropodomorphs, which has significant implications for understanding dinosaur evolution, particularly in relation to the traditional saurischian-ornithischian split and the proposed group Ornithoscelida.

Chilesaurus, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, measured approximately 3.2 meters (10.5 feet) from nose to tail, with the holotype specimen being a smaller individual about half that length. The most distinctive feature of Chilesaurus is its spatula-shaped, elongated teeth, which point obliquely forward. This dentition is unique among theropods, where it is sometimes classified, and is typical for a herbivore, indicating that Chilesaurus was a plant-eater.

Chimaera

Chimaeras are cartilaginous fish belonging to the order Chimaeriformes, commonly known as ghost sharks, rat fish, spookfish, or rabbit fish. These names should not be confused with rattails (family Macrouridae), Opisthoproctidae, or Siganidae, respectively.

Historically, chimaeras were a diverse and abundant group, as evidenced by the fossil record. Their closest living relatives are sharks and rays, although their last common ancestor lived nearly 400 million years ago. Modern chimaeras are predominantly found in deep water.

Chimaeras inhabit temperate ocean floors at depths down to 2,600 meters (8,500 feet), with most species occurring at depths greater than 200 meters (660 feet). Notable exceptions include members of the genus Callorhinchus, such as the rabbit fish and the spotted ratfish, which can occasionally be found at shallower depths. These species are among the few from the chimaera order that are kept in public aquaria. Chimaeras are found in all oceans except the Arctic and Antarctic.

Chimpanzee

The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), commonly known as the chimp, is a species of great ape indigenous to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. It comprises four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one. Previously, when its close relative, the bonobo, was more commonly known as the pygmy chimpanzee, this species was often referred to as the common chimpanzee or the robust chimpanzee. The chimpanzee and the bonobo are the only species within the genus Pan. Fossil evidence and DNA sequencing indicate that Pan is a sister taxon to the human lineage, making chimpanzees humans’ closest living relatives.

Chimpanzees, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are covered in coarse black hair, with bare skin on their faces, fingers, toes, palms, and soles. They are larger and more robust than bonobos, with males weighing between 40–70 kg (88–154 lb) and females weighing between 27–50 kg (60–110 lb). They stand approximately 150 cm (4 ft 11 in) tall. Chimpanzees live in groups that vary in size from 15 to 150 members, though individuals typically travel and forage in much smaller groups during the day.

Chinchilla

Chinchillas are crepuscular rodents belonging to the species Chinchilla chinchilla and Chinchilla lanigera, within the parvorder Caviomorpha. Native to the Andes Mountains in South America, they inhabit colonies known as “herds” at elevations reaching up to 4,270 meters (14,000 feet). Historically, their range included parts of Bolivia, Peru, and Chile, but wild populations are now only found in Chile. Chinchillas, along with their relatives, viscachas, belong to the family Chinchillidae and are also related to the chinchilla rat.

Chinchillas possess the densest fur of any land mammal, with approximately 20,000 hairs per square centimeter and 50 hairs growing from each follicle. Only the sea otter has a denser coat in the water. The name “chinchilla” is derived from the Chincha people of the Andes, who once wore their luxurious fur. By the late 19th century, excessive hunting for their soft fur had made chinchillas quite rare. Today, most chinchillas used in the fur industry are farm-raised. Domestic chinchillas, descended from C. lanigera, are sometimes kept as pets and are considered a type of pocket pet.

Chinese Alligator

The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis), also referred to as the Yangtze alligator or historically as the muddy dragon, is a crocodilian species endemic to China. It is one of only two living species in the genus Alligator, the other being the American alligator (A. mississippiensis), both belonging to the family Alligatoridae. The Chinese alligator is characterized by its dark gray or black coloration and fully armored body. As adults, they measure between 1.5 to 2.1 meters (5 to 7 feet) in length and weigh between 36 to 45 kilograms (80 to 100 pounds).

This species brumates in burrows during the winter and is nocturnal in the summer. Mating occurs in early summer, with females typically laying 20 to 30 eggs, which are smaller than those of any other crocodilian. The Chinese alligator is an opportunistic feeder, primarily consuming fish and invertebrates. Notably vocal, adults bellow during the mating season, while juveniles communicate with their parents and each other through vocalizations. In captivity, Chinese alligators can live up to 70 years, while wild individuals can surpass 50 years of age.

Chinese Cobra

The Chinese cobra (Naja atra), also known as the Taiwan cobra, is a species of cobra in the family Elapidae, predominantly found in southern China and a few neighboring countries and islands. It is one of the most common venomous snakes in China, leading to numerous snakebite incidents among humans.

This medium-sized snake typically measures between 1.2 to 1.5 meters (3.9 to 4.9 feet) in length, though some individuals can reach a maximum length of 2 meters (6.6 feet), which is rare.

The hood mark of the Chinese cobra varies in shape, ranging from spectacle, mask, horseshoe, to O-shape, and is often associated with a light throat area on at least one side. The throat area is distinctly lighter, usually featuring a pair of well-defined lateral spots.

The Chinese cobra, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, exhibits an iridescent black color with several distinct transverse double lines of yellow. Its abdominal surface is pearl or slate-colored. The dorsal color ranges from brown, grey, to black, and may have narrow, light transverse lines at irregular intervals, which are especially noticeable in juveniles.

Chinese Crested Dog

The Chinese Crested Dog is a hairless breed that comes in two varieties: hairless and powderpuff, both of which can be born in the same litter. The species is classified as an extra small to small breed, typically weighing between 10 to 13 pounds (4.5 to 5.9 kg) and standing 11 to 13 inches (27 to 33 cm) tall. The breed is characterized by its fine bone structure, almond-shaped eyes, and large, erect ears. There is no specific color standard for this breed.

At first glance, the hairless and powderpuff varieties may seem like two different breeds, but hairlessness is an incomplete dominant trait within a single breed. The hairless variety has soft, human-like skin, with tufts of hair on its paws (“socks”), tail (“plume”), and head (“crest”). The “hairless” gene, in addition to being an incomplete dominant, has a prenatal lethal effect when homozygous. Zygotes with double hairless genes do not develop into puppies and are reabsorbed in the womb. Consequently, all hairless Chinese Crested Dogs are heterozygous for the hairless gene.

Chinese Geese

The Chinese goose is an international breed of domestic goose, known by this name in both Europe and North America. Unlike most goose breeds, it belongs to the knob geese category, which originates from Anser cygnoides and is distinguished by a prominent basal knob on the upper side of the bill. This breed originates from China, where over twenty different breeds of knob geese exist.

The Chinese goose comes in two varieties: grey-brown and white. The grey-brown variety has coloring similar to the wild swan goose (Anser cygnoides), with a black bill and knob, while the white variety features an orange bill and knob. In both varieties, the shanks and feet are always orange. For show birds, the neck is bred to be long and slender.

Chinese Paddlefish

The Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius), also known as the Chinese swordfish, is an extinct species that once inhabited the Yangtze and Yellow River basins in China. This species was notable for its impressive size, with some specimens recorded at over three meters (ten feet) and potentially reaching lengths of up to seven meters (23 feet). It was among the largest freshwater fish species. The Chinese paddlefish was the sole species in the genus Psephurus and one of the two recent species of paddlefish (Polyodontidae), the other being the American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula). It was an anadromous fish, meaning it spent part of its adult life at sea and migrated upriver to spawn.

The Chinese paddlefish, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, featured a white underbelly, with grey back and head. Its dorsal and anal fins were positioned far back on its body. The paddle-like rostrum was narrow, pointed, and accounted for between a quarter and a third of its total body length. The eyes were small and round, and the tail fin was heterocercal, with a well-developed lower lobe. Compared to the American paddlefish, the Chinese paddlefish had a more elongated and narrower skull, lacking the sculpturing on the skull bones seen in other paddlefish. Additionally, it had fewer stellate (star-shaped) bones on the rostrum than the American paddlefish.

Chinese Shar-Pei

The Shar Pei is a dog breed originating from southern China. Traditionally used as a property guardian, the Shar Pei nearly faced extinction in the 20th century. In the West, the breed is recognized for its deep wrinkles, while a less wrinkled variety is still maintained in Hong Kong.

The Shar Pei is a short-coated, medium-sized breed distinguished by its excessively wrinkled skin. Although it resembles various mastiff breeds, it is most closely related to spitz breeds, with the chow chow being its closest relative. This connection is particularly evident as both breeds have unique blue-black tongues. The Shar Pei shares a genetic group with the chow chow, akita, shiba inu, malamute, and Greenland dog.

Adult Shar Peis typically stand between 44 and 51 centimeters (17 and 20 inches) tall and weigh between 16 and 20 kilograms (35 and 44 pounds). They have a short, very harsh coat that can be any solid color except white, with black, red, fawn, and cream being the most common colors.

Chinese Water Deer

The Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis) is a small deer species native to China and Korea, known for its distinctive fang-like tusks. These deer are solitary and inhabit marshes, swamps, and river environments. They weigh 19-28 pounds and stand 18-22 inches tall. Their population is stable in Korea, estimated at 700,000, but they are less than 10,000 in China. They have a high reproductive rate, giving birth to 2-3 fawns on average, but can have up to seven. The species is listed as “Least Concern” by the IUCN, though habitat destruction and hunting pose significant threats.

Chinook

The Chinook, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, is a rare, large working dog breed, originating in New Hampshire, weighing 65-90 pounds, and standing 23-25 inches tall. Bred in the early 20th century for sledding, Chinooks are known for their friendly, loyal, and intelligent temperament, making them excellent family pets and reliable work dogs. They have a tan or tawny double coat and are prone to health issues like hip dysplasia, cataracts, and atopy. Chinooks require high-protein diets, regular grooming, and at least an hour of exercise daily. They are generally easy to train but can be stubborn.

Chinook Salmon

The Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the largest and most valuable species of Pacific salmon. Its common name is derived from the Chinookan peoples. It is also known by various other names including king salmon, Quinnat salmon, Tsumen, spring salmon, chrome hog, Blackmouth, and Tyee salmon. The species name originates from the Russian term chavycha.

Chinook salmon are anadromous fish native to the North Pacific Ocean and river systems of western North America, from California to Alaska, as well as Asian rivers from northern Japan to the Palyavaam River in Arctic northeast Siberia. They have also been introduced to other parts of the world, including New Zealand and Patagonia. In the United States, introduced populations of Chinook salmon are thriving in Lake Michigan and Michigan’s western rivers.

A large Chinook salmon is a prized catch for sport anglers. Its flesh is highly valued for its nutritional content, particularly its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids. While some populations are endangered, many remain healthy. The Chinook salmon has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List. According to NOAA, the Chinook salmon population along the California coast is declining due to factors such as overfishing, loss of freshwater and estuarine habitat, hydropower development, poor ocean conditions, and hatchery practices.

Chinstrap Penguin

The chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) is a species of penguin found on various islands and shores in the Southern Pacific and Antarctic Oceans. Its name derives from the narrow black band under its head, resembling a black helmet, which makes it easily identifiable. It is also known as the ringed penguin, bearded penguin, and stonecracker penguin due to its loud, harsh call.

The chinstrap penguin reaches a length of 68–76 cm (27–30 in) and a weight of 3.2–5.3 kg (7.1–11.7 lb), with variations depending on the time of year. Males are generally larger in both weight and height than females.

Adult chinstrap penguins have black flippers with white edges and white inner sides. Their face is white, extending behind the reddish-brown eyes, and the chin and throat are also white. They possess a short black bill, strong pink legs, and webbed feet. Their short, stumpy legs result in a distinctive waddle when walking.

Chipit

The Chipit, also known as the Pithuahua, is a designer dog breed resulting from the crossbreeding of a Chihuahua and an American Pit Bull Terrier. This hybrid breed typically weighs between 15 to 35 pounds and stands 12 to 18 inches tall. Chipits are known for their playful, loyal, and energetic nature, making them excellent companions for active families. They require a high-protein diet, regular grooming, and at least 45 minutes to an hour of daily exercise. Common health issues include patellar luxation, hip dysplasia, and obesity. Due to their mixed heritage, they are relatively healthy but can inherit some health issues from their parent breeds.

Chipits, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are best suited for homes with older children and should be socialized early to get along with other pets. They can be stubborn, so consistent training and early socialization are crucial. The breed is valued for its protective nature, making it an excellent guard dog. Despite their potential for aggression, with proper training and care, Chipits are loving and affectionate pets.

Chipmunk

Chipmunks are small, striped rodents belonging to the family Sciuridae, specifically classified as ground squirrels (Marmotini). While chipmunks are primarily found in North America, the Siberian chipmunk is primarily located in Asia.

Chipmunks have an omnivorous diet that mainly includes seeds, nuts, fruits, and buds. They also consume grass, shoots, various types of plant matter, fungi, insects, other arthropods, small frogs, worms, and bird eggs, occasionally eating newly hatched birds. Around human habitats, chipmunks may feed on cultivated grains, vegetables, and other farm or garden plants, sometimes categorizing them as pests.

Chipmunks primarily forage on the ground but will climb trees to gather nuts such as hazelnuts and acorns. In early autumn, many chipmunk species start stockpiling nonperishable food for the winter. They typically store their caches in a larder within their burrows and remain in their nests until spring, unlike other species that create multiple small caches. Chipmunks use their cheek pouches to transport food items to their burrows for storage or immediate consumption.

Chipoo

The Chipoo, a hybrid breed between the Chihuahua and Poodle, is a small, affectionate, and intelligent dog. Weighing between 3 to 20 pounds and standing 5 to 15 inches tall, Chipoos are known for their friendly and playful nature. They have a life expectancy of 12-15 years and can come in a variety of coat colors, including brown, black, cream, and silver. Common health issues include cancer, digestive sensitivities, and luxating patellas. Chipoos are adaptable to different living situations, require moderate exercise, and benefit from consistent training and grooming due to their low-shedding coats.

Chipping Sparrow

The chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina) is a species of New World sparrow, classified as a passerine bird in the family Passerellidae. This species is widespread, fairly tame, and common throughout much of North America.

There are two subspecies: the eastern chipping sparrow and the western chipping sparrow. As a partial migrant, northern populations migrate southward in the fall to overwinter in Mexico and the southern United States, returning northward in the spring.

Chipping sparrows, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, molt twice annually. In their breeding plumage, they feature orangish-rust upper parts, a gray head and underparts, and a distinctive reddish cap. In non-breeding plumage, the cap turns brown and the facial markings become less pronounced. Their song is a trill, and they have a piercing flight call that is audible during nocturnal migration.

In winter, chipping sparrows are gregarious, forming flocks that sometimes associate with other bird species. They primarily forage on the ground for seeds and other food items, but also climb plants and trees to feed on buds and small arthropods.

Chiton

Chitons, sometimes known as sea cradles, coat-of-mail shells, suck-rocks, loricates, polyplacophorans, or polyplacophores, are marine mollusks with a distinctive shell composed of eight separate plates or valves. These plates overlap slightly at the front and back edges and articulate well with one another, providing protection while allowing the chiton to flex for movement over uneven surfaces and to curl into a ball when dislodged from rocks. Surrounding the shell plates is a skirt known as a girdle.

Chitons are found worldwide, from cold waters to tropical regions, living on hard surfaces such as rocks or within rock crevices. Some species inhabit high intertidal zones and are exposed to air and light for extended periods, while most are found in intertidal or subtidal zones within the photic zone. A few species live in deep waters, reaching depths of up to 6,000 meters (20,000 feet).

Chiweenie

The Chiweenie, a hybrid between the Chihuahua and Dachshund, is a small, energetic dog weighing 5-12 pounds and standing 6-10 inches tall. Known for their playful and affectionate nature, Chiweenies are excellent companions for individuals or families with older children. They have a lifespan of 12-16 years and can come in various coat colors, including fawn, blue, black, white, tan, silver, and blonde. Common health issues include hypoglycemia, diabetes, and degenerative disc disease. These dogs are prone to barking and may require consistent training and socialization.

Chorkie

The Chorkie, a hybrid breed of Chihuahua and Yorkshire Terrier, is a small, energetic dog typically weighing 8-15 pounds and standing 6-9 inches tall. With a lifespan of 10-15 years, they are known for their loyalty, intelligence, and affectionate nature, making them excellent companions. Chorkies, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are prone to health issues such as skin problems, patellar luxation, and hypothyroidism. They require regular grooming, consistent training, and moderate exercise. While they can be vocal and are not ideal for young children, Chorkies thrive in homes where they receive plenty of attention and care.

Chow Chow

The Chow Chow is a spitz-type dog breed originating from Northern China. It is a sturdily built dog with a square profile, a broad skull, and small, triangular, erect ears with rounded tips. The breed is distinguished by its very dense double coat, which can be either smooth or rough. The fur is especially thick around the neck, giving it a distinctive ruff or mane appearance. Coat colors include shaded/self-red, black, blue, cinnamon/fawn, and cream, though not all color variations are recognized in every country. Patchy or multicolored coats fall outside the breed standard.

Chow Chows have deep-set, almond-shaped eyes and are unique for their purple/blue-black tongues, a trait they share only with the Shar Pei. Additionally, they have very straight hind legs, which contribute to their characteristic stilted gait.

Chow Pom

The Chow Chow mix, often referred to as the Chow Pom when crossed with a Pomeranian, is a small to medium-sized dog weighing between 10 to 25 pounds and standing 9-16 inches tall. Known for their beautiful, fluffy coats and a lifespan of 12-15 years, they come in various colors including red, black, tan, cream, and caramel. These dogs are prone to health issues such as hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, and eye problems. Despite being affectionate and loyal, they can be independent and require regular grooming and training to manage their energetic and sometimes stubborn nature.

Chow Shepherd

The Chow Shepherd, also known as the Sheprachow, is a hybrid breed resulting from the crossbreeding of a Chow Chow and a German Shepherd. These dogs typically weigh between 45 to 105 pounds and stand 22 to 26 inches tall. Known for their smart, loyal, and protective nature, they make excellent guard dogs and family pets. They have a lifespan of 10-14 years and can have coats in colors such as brown, grey, fawn, red, black, and cream. Common health issues include hip dysplasia, ear infections, cataracts, and degenerative myelopathy.

Chow Shepherds, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, require regular grooming due to their dense fur and need around 60 to 75 minutes of exercise daily. They are best suited for experienced owners who can provide consistent training and socialization to manage their energetic and sometimes stubborn nature. Early obedience training and socialization are essential to mitigate their natural wariness toward strangers.

Christmas Beetle

The term “Christmas beetle” commonly refers to the Australian beetle genus Anoplognathus, part of the subfamily Rutelinae. They are named Christmas beetles due to their abundance in urban and rural areas around Christmas time. These beetles are large (20–30 mm in length) and belong to the scarab family. They are known for their noisy, clumsy flight, akin to the cockchafers found in Europe. Their elytra can be dark or light brown, green, or exhibit a green-yellow iridescence.

The genus Anoplognathus comprises 35 species, several of which are known to cause dieback in eucalyptus trees. Anoplognathus pallidicollis is the species most commonly associated with the name Christmas beetle. However, the term is sometimes used more broadly to refer to other metallic beetles not in this family, such as those in the stag beetle genus Lamprima. Additionally, the smaller Argentine lawn beetle, Cyclocephala signaticollis, which is prevalent in December, may also be referred to as a “Christmas beetle,” though the Australian Museum labels it as an “imposter.”

Christmas Island Red Crab

The Christmas Island red crab (Gecarcoidea natalis) is a species of land crab native to Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean. Despite being confined to a relatively small area, an estimated 43.7 million adult red crabs once inhabited Christmas Island alone. However, the accidental introduction of the yellow crazy ant has led to the death of approximately 10–15 million red crabs in recent years.

These crabs are renowned for their annual mass migration to the sea to lay eggs. Although their population has been significantly impacted by the ants, as of 2020, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) had not assessed the red crab, and it was not listed on their Red List. The annual migration is often described as an “epic” event, with millions of crabs emerging simultaneously, halting road traffic, and covering the ground in a thick carpet of crabs. Curious for more? Read the full article here!

Chromodoris Willani

Chromodoris willani, commonly referred to as Willan’s chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, specifically a dorid nudibranch, which is a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. This species is named after the esteemed nudibranch taxonomist, Dr. Richard C. Willan.

Willan’s chromodoris is found in the Western Pacific Ocean, ranging from Indonesia and the Philippines to Vanuatu. It closely resembles Chromodoris lochi, Chromodoris boucheti, and Chromodoris dianae. However, it can be distinguished by the very prominent white specks present on its gills and rhinophores.

The coloration of Chromodoris willani, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, varies from dark blue to translucent white, with all individuals displaying black stripes. The central stripe is typically non-continuous, adding to its distinct appearance.

Chusky

The Chusky, a crossbreed between a Chow Chow and a Siberian Husky, is a medium to large-sized dog weighing 40-65 pounds and standing 18-27 inches tall. These dogs are known for their loyalty, intelligence, and protective nature, making them excellent guard dogs and family pets. With a lifespan of 10-13 years, common health issues include hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, and dental problems. Chuskies require regular grooming due to their dense fur, along with consistent training and exercise. They thrive in colder climates and are best suited for experienced dog owners.

Cicada

Cicadas belong to the superfamily Cicadoidea within the order Hemiptera (true bugs). They are part of the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, which also includes smaller jumping insects like leafhoppers and froghoppers. The superfamily is categorized into two families: Tettigarctidae, with two species found in Australia, and Cicadidae, which comprises over 3,000 described species worldwide, with many more yet to be described. Most cicada species are annual, except for the North American periodical cicadas of the genus Magicicada, which emerge en masse every 13 or 17 years in a given region.

Cicadas are characterized by their prominent, widely spaced eyes, short antennae, and membranous front wings. They are renowned for their exceptionally loud song, produced by the rapid buckling and unbuckling of drum-like structures called tymbals. The earliest known cicada fossils date back to the Upper Permian period.

Today, cicadas are found globally in temperate to tropical climates. They typically inhabit trees, feeding on the watery sap from xylem tissue and laying their eggs in slits in the bark. Most cicadas are cryptic, with the majority of species being diurnal, calling during the day, while some call at dawn or dusk. Only a few rare species are known to be nocturnal.

Cichlid

Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae within the order Cichliformes. They were traditionally classified in the suborder Labroidei, along with wrasses (Labridae), under the order Perciformes. However, molecular studies have challenged this classification. Fossil evidence suggests cichlids first appeared in Tanzania during the Eocene epoch, about 46–45 million years ago. Molecular clock estimates suggest the family’s origin dates back to approximately 67 million years ago, during the late Cretaceous period.

The closest living relative of cichlids is likely the convict blenny, and both families are classified in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World as the two families within the order Cichliformes, part of the subseries Ovalentaria. The Cichlidae family is large, diverse, and widely dispersed. At least 1,650 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families. New species are discovered annually, and many species remain undescribed. Consequently, the actual number of species is estimated to be between 2,000 and 3,000.

Cinereous Vulture

The cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), also known as the black vulture, monk vulture, or Eurasian black vulture, is a large raptor in the family Accipitridae, found throughout much of temperate Eurasia. It is the largest Old World vulture and the largest member of the Accipitridae family, with a body length of 1.2 meters (3 feet 11 inches), a wingspan of 3.1 meters (10 feet), and a maximum weight of 14 kilograms (31 pounds).

The cinereous vulture, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, is among the largest birds of prey and plays a crucial role in its ecosystems by consuming carcasses, which helps reduce the spread of diseases. Due to their scavenging habits, these vultures are frequently exposed to various pathogens. A 2015 study sequenced the entire genome of the cinereous vulture, comparing it with that of the bald eagle. This comparison aimed to identify positively selected genetic variations related to respiration, immune defense responses, and gastric acid secretion, which enable vultures to digest carcasses effectively.

Cinnamon Ball Python

The Cinnamon Ball Python, a popular morph of the Ball Python (Python regius), is known for its distinctive reddish-brown coloration and unique keyhole-shaped patterning. First produced in 2002 by Graziani Reptiles, Inc., this morph lacks the yellow or golden tones found in other ball pythons, making it stand out.

Native to western and central Africa, these non-venomous constrictors thrive in forests, grasslands, and savannas. They typically reach lengths of 5 to 6 feet and can live 20 to 30 years. With a docile temperament, they are well-suited for captivity and have become a favorite among reptile enthusiasts due to their manageable size and striking appearance.

Cinnamon Bear     

The cinnamon bear (Ursus americanus cinnamomum) is a color morph and subspecies of the American black bear, found in the United States and Canada.

As a subspecies, cinnamon bears coexist with predominantly black-colored eastern American black bears in these regions and interbreed with them. The most distinguishing feature of a cinnamon bear is its brown or red-brown fur, which is reminiscent of cinnamon. This lighter coloration is more common in this subspecies than in other areas. It is suggested that the brownish coats may mimic those of grizzly bears.

Various color morphs often appear within the same family, making it common to see a black-colored female with brown or red-brown cubs, a brown-colored female with black or red-brown cubs, or a female of any color with cubs of different colors, including black, brown, and red-brown.

Clark’s Grebe

Clark’s grebe (Aechmophorus clarkii) is a waterbird species native to North America and belongs to the grebe family. Initially considered a pale morph of the western grebe until the 1980s, Clark’s grebe shares similar size, range, and behavior with its close relative, and intermediates between the two species are known.

This species nests on large inland lakes in western North America and migrates to the Pacific coast for the winter. It maintains year-round populations in California, Nevada, Arizona (the Lower Colorado River Valley), and central Mexico. Clark’s grebe feeds by diving for insects, polychaete worms, crustaceans, and salamanders.

Clark’s grebe, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, closely resembles the western grebe and often shares the same colonies. In 1992, Storer and Nuechterlein, building on earlier morphological studies, defined the species as distinct from the western grebe by its overall paler plumage on the back and a larger portion of white on its face, extending above the eyes rather than just below. A key distinguishing feature is its bill, which is bright yellow in Clark’s grebe, whereas the western grebe’s bill is greenish-yellow.

Clearnose Skate

The clearnose skate (Rostroraja eglanteria), a species of cartilaginous fish in the family Rajidae, is also known by common names such as the brier skate and summer skate. These skates are easily recognizable by the translucent patches on either side of their snouts and their mottled dorsal surface. They inhabit the shallow waters of the continental shelf along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.

Clearnose skates derive their name from the characteristic light-colored to translucent patches along both sides of their rostrum. The dorsal surface is primarily brown to grey, while the ventral surface is white. The dorsal side of the pectoral fins features dark brown to black bars and spots.

R. eglanteria has a roughly rhombic disc shape, with the snout and pectoral fins forming an approximate right angle. Mature clearnose skates can reach up to 79 cm (31 in) in total length and 52 cm (20 in) in width, with the tail comprising approximately half the total length.

Click Beetle

Elateridae, commonly known as click beetles, are a family of beetles also referred to as typical click beetles to differentiate them from related families such as Cerophytidae and Eucnemidae, which also have the clicking ability. Other names for these beetles include elaters, snapping beetles, spring beetles, and skipjacks. This family was first defined by William Elford Leach in 1815. Click beetles are characterized by their unique clicking mechanism and have a cosmopolitan distribution.

While some click beetles are large and colorful, the majority are under two centimeters long, brown or black, and lack distinctive markings. The adults are typically nocturnal and phytophagous, although only some species have economic significance. On warm nights, they may enter homes but are not considered pests. Click beetle larvae, known as wireworms, are usually saprophagous, feeding on dead organic matter. However, some species are serious agricultural pests, while others are active predators of other insect larvae. Notably, some elaterid species, such as those in the genus Pyrophorus, are bioluminescent in both their larval and adult stages.

Clock Spider

The clock spider, commonly known as the huntsman spider (Heteropoda venatoria), is a large arachnid found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Australia. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and often inhabits human dwellings. These spiders are known for their long legs, reaching up to 10 centimeters in length, and distinctive crab-like appearance. Males produce a rhythmic ticking sound to attract females. They are nocturnal hunters, preying on insects and small vertebrates. Although mildly aggressive, their bite is not dangerous to humans. Huntsman spiders have a lifespan of about two years and lay around 200 eggs per clutch.

Clothes Moth

Clothes moth or clothing moth is a common name for several moth species known to be pests, whose larvae consume animal fibers, including those in clothing and other fabrics. The larvae of clothes moths feed on animal fibers that are typically not removed by other scavengers. They can consume and digest keratin, the protein that constitutes wool and fur. As a result, clothes moths, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, frequently target garments and textiles made from animal fibers, causing damage and earning them their common name.

Clouded Leopard

The clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), also known as the mainland clouded leopard, is a wild cat native to dense forests ranging from the foothills of the Himalayas through Northeast India and Bhutan to mainland Southeast Asia and South China. First described in 1821 based on a skin specimen from China, the clouded leopard is characterized by large dusky-grey blotches and irregular spots and stripes that resemble clouds.

Its head-and-body length varies from 68.6 to 108 cm (27.0 to 42.5 in) with a tail measuring 61 to 91 cm (24 to 36 in), which it uses for balance while navigating trees. The clouded leopard can climb down vertical tree trunks head first and typically rests in trees during the day. It hunts on the forest floor at night.

Clownfish

Clownfish, also known as anemonefish, belong to the subfamily Amphiprioninae within the family Pomacentridae. There are thirty recognized species of clownfish: one in the genus Premnas and the rest in the genus Amphiprion. In the wild, all clownfish engage in symbiotic mutualisms with sea anemones. Depending on the species, clownfish can be overall yellow, orange, reddish, or blackish in color, and many exhibit white bars or patches. The largest clownfish can grow up to 17 cm (6.5 in) in length, while the smallest reach only 7–8 cm (2.75–3.25 in).

Clownfish are native to the warmer waters of the Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea, as well as the Pacific Ocean, the Great Barrier Reef, Southeast Asia, Japan, and the Indo-Malaysian region. While most species have limited distributions, some are widespread. Clownfish typically inhabit the bottom of shallow seas in sheltered reefs or shallow lagoons. Notably, no clownfish species are found in the Atlantic Ocean.

Clumber Spaniel

The Clumber Spaniel is a dog breed of the spaniel type, developed in the United Kingdom. It is the largest of the spaniels and typically features a predominantly white coat with lemon or orange markings. The breed’s name originates from Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire, where it was first developed. This gundog excels in hunting through dense cover. Known for their gentle and loyal nature, Clumber Spaniels can be somewhat aloof with strangers. They have a few habits that might be considered drawbacks, such as constant shedding and snoring.

The Clumber Spaniel, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, is the largest among English spaniel breeds, standing 17 to 20 inches (43 to 51 cm) tall and weighing between 55 to 85 pounds (25 to 39 kg). It has a long, heavy body, resembling the smaller Sussex Spaniel in shape.

Characterized by a heavy bone structure, the Clumber has a massive ‘melting’ head with a mournful, dopey expression, a square nose and muzzle, and large vine-leaf shaped ears. Freckles on the muzzle and front legs are common. Its dense, weather-resistant coat is straight and flat, with feathering around the ears, belly, and legs. Clumber Spaniels are predominantly white with lemon, brown, or orange markings around the eyes and at the base of the tail.

Coachwhip Snake

Masticophis flagellum, commonly known as the coachwhip or whip snake, is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake native to the United States and Mexico. Six subspecies are recognized, including the nominotypical subspecies.

Coachwhips are slender snakes characterized by their small heads and large eyes with round pupils. Their coloration varies significantly, providing effective camouflage in their natural habitats. For instance, M. f. testaceus typically exhibits a light brown color with darker brown flecking. In western Texas, where the soil is pink, these snakes also display a pink hue. M. f. piceus earned its common name due to the presence of red in its coloration, although this is not always the case. The scales of coachwhips are patterned in such a way that the snake appears braided at first glance.

Coastal Carpet Python

Morelia spilota mcdowelli is a subspecies of Morelia spilota, commonly known as the coastal carpet python, and is informally referred to as the eastern, coastal, or McDowell’s carpet python. It was first described and named by Wells and Wellington in 1984. This subspecies is found along the northeastern coast of Australia and in New Guinea.

M. spilota mcdowelli typically reaches lengths of 2.7–3.0 meters (9–10 feet). Its dorsal coloration ranges from olive brown to tan with paler blotches and stripes, although both pattern and color can vary significantly. The midbody scales are arranged in 40-60 rows. It has a single anal scale, and its subcaudal scales are divided. Most of the head scales are small, beadlike, and irregularly arranged.

Coastal Taipan

The coastal taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus), also known as the common taipan, is an extremely venomous snake belonging to the family Elapidae. Described by Wilhelm Peters in 1867, this species is native to the coastal regions of northern and eastern Australia and the island of New Guinea. It is the second-longest venomous snake in Australia, with an average length of about 2.0 meters (6.6 feet), and the longest specimens reaching up to 2.9 meters (9.5 feet). The coastal taipan has light olive or reddish-brown upperparts and paler underparts. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, it is classified as a species of least concern.

The coastal taipan, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, inhabits a variety of environments, including monsoon forests, open woodlands, and human-modified areas like sugarcane fields. Its diet primarily consists of small mammals, though it occasionally preys on birds. The species is oviparous, laying eggs to reproduce.

Coati

Coatis, also known as coatimundis, are members of the family Procyonidae, classified under the genera Nasua and Nasuella (comprising the subtribe Nasuina). These diurnal mammals are native to South America, Central America, Mexico, and the Southwestern United States. The term “coatimundi” originates from the Tupian languages of Brazil, meaning “lone coati.” In Belize, they are locally referred to as “quash.”

Adult coatis range in size from 33 to 69 cm (13 to 27 in) from head to the base of the tail, which can be as long as their bodies. They stand about 30 cm (12 in) tall at the shoulder and weigh between 2 and 8 kg (4.4 and 17.6 lb), comparable to a large house cat. Males can grow to nearly twice the size of females and possess large, sharp canine teeth. These measurements apply to the white-nosed and South American coatis, while the two species of mountain coati are smaller.

Cobalt Blue Tarantula

The cobalt blue tarantula (Cyriopagopus lividus) is a species of tarantula in the family Theraphosidae, native to Myanmar and extending into Thailand. Initially described as Haplopelma lividum, this medium-sized tarantula has a leg span of approximately 13 cm (5 in). It is distinguished by its iridescent blue legs and light gray prosoma and opisthosoma, the latter of which may feature darker gray chevrons.

Males and females appear similar until the males undergo their final molt. At this stage, males exhibit sexual dimorphism, developing a light tan or bronze coloration and longer legs. Males also acquire a palpal bulb on the pedipalps and tibial apophyses (mating hooks). Females eventually grow larger than males and have a significantly longer lifespan.

Cobia Fish

The Cobia Fish (Rachycentron canadum) is a large, carnivorous fish found in warm to tropical oceans, known for its distinctive dark brown color with silvery bands and a white belly. They can grow up to 78 inches in length and weigh up to 135 pounds. With a lifespan of around 15 years, cobias primarily feed on fish, crabs, and squid. They are solitary creatures but gather in groups during breeding seasons. The species is considered “Least Concern” by the IUCN due to its stable population, although overfishing poses a significant threat.

Cobras

The cobra is a highly venomous snake found in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, known for its distinctive hood and ability to spit venom. Cobras belong to the Elapidae family and include 38 species, such as the Indian Cobra, King Cobra, and Egyptian Cobra. These snakes are typically 6-10 feet long, with the King Cobra reaching up to 18 feet. Cobras are diurnal, preying on rodents, birds, and other snakes. They can live over 10 years and face threats from habitat destruction and human persecution. Despite their danger, cobra venom is used in medical research for developing treatments.

Cochin Chicken

The Cochin is a breed of large domestic chicken that originates from the large feather-legged chickens brought from China to Europe and North America during the 1840s and 1850s. It is primarily bred for exhibition purposes and was formerly known as Cochin-China.

In the United Kingdom, the recognised colour varieties for large fowl include black, blue, buff, cuckoo, partridge and grouse, and white. Cochin bantams, however, are not recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain. Conversely, the Entente Européenne treats the Pekin Bantam as equivalent to the bantam Cochin and lists the same nine colours for full-sized Cochins and twenty-four for the bantam varieties. Any of the bantam varieties may have frizzled feathers that curl outwards.

The American Poultry Association recognizes nine colors for the full-sized Cochin: barred, black, blue, brown, buff, golden-laced, partridge, silver-laced, and white. For the bantam Cochin, the same colors are recognized, with the addition of four more: birchen, Columbian, mottled, and red.

Cockalier

The Cockalier is a designer dog breed, a cross between the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Cocker Spaniel. This small to medium-sized dog typically weighs between 10 to 28 pounds and stands about 12 to 15 inches tall. Known for their affectionate and playful temperament, Cockaliers are excellent family pets. They have a lifespan of 12 to 15 years and can come in various colors, including black, brown, red, golden, and white. Common health issues include cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, hip dysplasia, cardiomyopathy, and syringomyelia. Regular grooming, training, and exercise are essential to keep them healthy and happy.

Cockaliers, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are easy to train due to their intelligence and eagerness to please. They require moderate exercise and enjoy high-energy activities such as running and chasing balls. This breed is well-suited for apartment living, provided they get enough physical and mental stimulation. They are known for their gentle and friendly nature, making them a good match for households with children.

Cockapoo

The cockapoo, also known as a cockerpoo, is a crossbreed dog resulting from the mating of a Cocker Spaniel and a Poodle, most commonly the Miniature Poodle. As with most crossbreeds, cockapoos exhibit a wide range of sizes and appearances. They can come in all colors or combinations of colors, though white and brown are the most common. Their coats may be straight, wavy, or curled.

Cockapoos are categorized by weight: those under 12 pounds (5.4 kg) are termed toy cockapoos, those between 13 and 18 pounds (5.9 and 8.2 kg) are miniature cockapoos, and those over 19 pounds (8.6 kg) are standard cockapoos. Their temperament and exercise needs can also vary significantly.

Cockatiel

The cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus), also known as the weero/weiro or quarrion, is a medium-sized parrot that belongs to its own branch within the cockatoo family and is native to Australia. They are highly valued as household pets and companion parrots worldwide and are relatively easy to breed compared to other parrot species. In terms of popularity as caged birds, cockatiels are second only to budgerigars.

The cockatiel’s distinctive crest indicates its emotional state. The crest stands erect when the bird is startled or excited, is gently oblique when relaxed, and flattens close to the head when the bird is angry or defensive. When trying to appear alluring or flirtatious, the crest lies flat but protrudes outward at the back. When tired, the crest is positioned halfway up, often with the tip curling upward. Unlike most cockatoos, the cockatiel has long tail feathers that make up about half of its total length. Measuring 30 to 33 cm (12 to 13 in), the cockatiel is the smallest of the cockatoos, which generally range from 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) in length.

Cockatoo

A cockatoo is any of the 21 parrot species belonging to the family Cacatuidae, which is the only family in the superfamily Cacatuoidea. Together with the Psittacoidea (true parrots) and the Strigopoidea (large New Zealand parrots), they form the order Psittaciformes. The family primarily inhabits the Australasian region, spanning from the Philippines and the eastern Indonesian islands of Wallacea to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Australia.

Cockatoos, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are distinguished by their prominent crests and curved bills. Their plumage is generally less colorful than other parrots, typically featuring shades of white, grey, or black, often accented with colored features on the crest, cheeks, or tail. While cockatoos are generally larger than other parrots, the cockatiel is an exception, being the smallest species within the cockatoo family. The phylogenetic position of the cockatiel remains unclear, although it is known to be one of the earliest offshoots of the cockatoo lineage.

Cocker Spaniel

Cocker Spaniels are a type of spaniel dog encompassing two breeds: the American Cocker Spaniel and the English Cocker Spaniel. In their respective countries, both are commonly referred to simply as Cocker Spaniels. In the early 20th century, Cocker Spaniels also included smaller hunting spaniels.

Originally bred in the UK for hunting, Cocker Spaniels earned their name from their use in hunting the Eurasian woodcock. When the breed was introduced to the United States, it was bred to a different standard, allowing it to specialize in hunting the American woodcock. Throughout the early 20th century, additional physical changes were bred into the American Cocker Spaniel.

Cockle

The cockle, belonging to the Cardiidae family, is a small bivalve mollusk found globally in saltwater environments. They typically range from 0.4 to 6 inches in size and weigh about 0.88 ounces. Known for their heart-shaped, ribbed shells, cockles are filter feeders, consuming microorganisms and playing a crucial role in their ecosystem by filtering water and preventing phytoplankton blooms. They inhabit soft mud and fine sand in subtidal areas and can live up to 10 years. Cockles, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are a significant food source for various marine species and are commercially harvested by humans.

Cockroach

Cockroaches, also known as roaches, are insects belonging to the order Blattodea (Blattaria). Out of approximately 4,600 species, about 30 are associated with human habitats, with some species being well-known pests.

Most cockroach species are about the size of a thumbnail, but some are significantly larger. The Australian giant burrowing cockroach (Macropanesthia rhinoceros) is the world’s heaviest cockroach, reaching lengths of 8 centimeters (3 inches) and weights up to 35 grams (1.2 ounces). Similarly large is the Central American giant cockroach (Blaberus giganteus).

The longest cockroach species is Megaloblatta longipennis, which can grow up to 97 millimeters (3.9 inches) in length and 45 millimeters (1.75 inches) in width. Another large species, Megaloblatta blaberoides from Central and South America, has the largest wingspan, measuring up to 185 millimeters (7.25 inches). On the smaller end of the spectrum, Attaphila cockroaches, which live with leaf-cutter ants, are among the smallest species, growing to about 3.5 millimeters in length.

Coconut Crab

The coconut crab (Birgus latro), also known as the robber crab or palm thief, is a terrestrial species of giant hermit crab. It holds the title of the largest terrestrial arthropod, weighing up to 4.1 kg (9 lb). Its leg span can reach up to 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) from tip to tip. This species is found on islands throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans, extending as far east as the Gambier Islands, Pitcairn Islands, and Caroline Island, and as far south as Zanzibar. Although its range closely aligns with that of the coconut palm, the coconut crab has been eradicated from most areas with significant human populations, such as mainland Australia and Madagascar.

Codfish

The Codfish, belonging to the genus Gadus, includes species such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac). These carnivorous fish inhabit the cold waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, thriving at depths of 20-200 feet. Adult cod can grow up to 220 pounds and 79 inches in length. Known for their distinctive white lateral lines and three dorsal fins, codfish are significant both ecologically and economically. They have a lifespan of 15-25 years and face threats primarily from overfishing, with Atlantic cod classified as vulnerable by the IUCN.

Codling Moth

The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is an insect belonging to the Lepidopteran family Tortricidae. It is a significant pest for agricultural crops, particularly fruits like apples and pears, with the larvae commonly referred to as “apple worms.” Since the larvae cannot feed on leaves, they rely heavily on fruits, causing considerable damage to these crops.

The viability and fitness of codling moths are greatly influenced by humidity levels and climate. Observations indicate that the optimal conditions for their growth and survival are 32°C with 75% humidity. Even if temperatures are favorable, extreme relative humidity levels (20% and 100%) hinder pupation. At temperatures below 0°C, the larvae become completely inactive and appear lifeless. However, they resume normal activity when the temperature returns to optimal levels. Codling moths have been found at altitudes ranging from 1000 to 1500 meters.

Coelacanth

Coelacanths (order Coelacanthiformes) are an ancient group of lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) within the class Actinistia. As sarcopterygians, they are more closely related to lungfish and tetrapods (including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) than to ray-finned fish.

There are only two known living species of coelacanths: Latimeria chalumnae and L. menadoensis. These large, plump, lobe-finned fish can grow to over 2 meters (6.6 feet) in length and weigh approximately 90 kilograms (200 pounds).

Coelacanths, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are estimated to live up to 100 years, based on the analysis of annual growth marks on their scales, reaching maturity around the age of 55. The oldest recorded specimen was 84 years old when captured in 1960. Despite their long lifespan, their gestation period can last up to 5 years, which is 1.5 years longer than that of the deep-sea frilled shark, the previous record holder for the longest gestation period among vertebrates.

Collared Peccary

The collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu) is an artiodactyl mammal in the family Tayassuidae, native to North, Central, and South America. It is the sole member of the genus Dicotyles. Commonly known as javelina, saíno, taitetu, or báquiro, these names are also used for other species within the family. The collared peccary is also referred to as the musk hog and is colloquially known as quenk in Trinidad.

This species stands approximately 510–610 mm (20–24 inches) tall at the shoulder and measures about 1.0–1.5 meters (3 feet 3 inches to 4 feet 11 inches) in length, weighing between 16 and 27 kg (35 to 60 pounds). The collared peccary features small tusks that point downward when the animal is upright. It has slender legs, a robust or stocky body, and a tail often hidden by its coarse fur.

Collett’s Snake

Collett’s snake (Pseudechis colletti), also known as Collett’s black snake, Collett’s cobra, or Down’s tiger snake, belongs to the Elapidae family and is native to Australia. This venomous species ranks as the nineteenth most venomous snake globally and is capable of delivering a lethal bite.

Collett’s snake, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, stands out within the Pseudechis genus for its vibrant appearance. It typically displays dark brown to black upperparts adorned with pink or cream banding and sides, complemented by pale yellow to orange underparts. These bands often form irregular, cross-shaped patterns in an orange-red hue. The underbelly generally mirrors the band colors, though it may exhibit varying discolorations or patches. Juveniles share the adult coloration but tend to be more vividly colored with heightened contrasts. Structurally similar to the red-bellied black snake, Collett’s snake differs significantly in appearance.

Collie

Collies encompass a distinct group of herding dogs, comprising various related landraces and standardized breeds originating from Scotland and Northern England. These medium-sized dogs are generally lightly built with pointed snouts and often feature a characteristic white coloration over their shoulders. Known for their agility and high activity levels, most collie types exhibit a strong instinct for herding.

Collie breeds have spread widely across the globe, particularly in North America and Australia, where they have diversified into numerous varieties, sometimes interbred with other dog types. They typically weigh between 22 to 32 kg (48 to 70 lb) and vary in bone structure from light to medium. Varieties used for herding cattle tend to be more robust than those used for herding sheep. Their fur can be short or long, and their tails may be smooth, feathered, or bushy. In the 1800s, naturally bob-tailed dogs occasionally appeared among them. Their tails can be carried low with an upward swirl or higher, but never over the back.

Collies exhibit a range of colorations, including black, black-and-tan, red, red-and-tan, and white with or without additional body markings such as sable, black and tan, blue merle, and sable merle.

Collie Mix

The Collie Mix, a cross between a Collie and another breed, is known for its friendly, loyal, and intelligent nature. These dogs typically weigh between 45 to 80 pounds and stand 18 to 28 inches tall, with a lifespan of 12 to 15 years. They come in various colors, including brown, grey, black, white, tan, and dark brown. Collie Mixes are prone to health issues like hip dysplasia, eye anomalies, and seizures. They require regular grooming, consistent training, and ample exercise, making them excellent companions for active families.

Colossal Squid

The colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni) holds the distinction of being the largest member of its family, Cranchiidae, commonly known as cockatoo or glass squids. Its close relative, Megalocranchia fisheri, ranks as the second largest within this family. Often referred to as the Antarctic cranch squid or giant squid (distinct from the genus Architeuthis giant squid), it is recognized as the largest squid species by mass.

This species is predominantly found throughout the circumantarctic Southern Ocean, spanning from thousands of kilometers north of Antarctica to southern South America, southern South Africa, and the southern tip of New Zealand.

Comb Jellyfish

The comb jellyfish, belonging to the phylum Ctenophora, is a fascinating marine creature found in both shallow and deep ocean waters. Known for their unique method of locomotion, comb jellyfish use rows of cilia resembling combs to move through the water. These cilia create a fascinating ripple effect, often mistaken for bioluminescence, but it’s actually light reflecting off their bodies. Comb jellyfish vary in size from under an inch to five feet in length and lack stinging cells, unlike other jellyfish. They are omnivorous, feeding on zooplankton, krill, and sometimes even other jellyfish.

Comb-crested Jacana

The comb-crested jacana (Irediparra gallinacea), also known as the lotusbird or lilytrotter (though these names are sometimes used for all Jacanidae species), represents the sole species of jacana within the genus Irediparra. Like other jacanas, it is specialized for navigating tropical freshwater wetlands with floating vegetation.

Distinctive features include a black crown and hind-neck, with a fleshy red wattle covering the forehead and fore-crown, set against a white face and throat. Breeding adults display a pinkish comb, which turns more orange outside of breeding seasons. The lower breast bears a broad black band transitioning to a white belly. During flight, the black underwing and flight feathers are prominent against a predominantly grey-brown back and upper-wing, accented with black primary coverts, rump, and tail.

Notably, its long legs and exceptionally lengthy toes trail behind during flight. The male, smaller than the female, measures 20–22 cm (7.9–8.7 in) in length and weighs 68–84 g (2.4–3.0 oz), while the larger female measures 24–27 cm (9.4–10.6 in) and weighs 120–150 g (4.2–5.3 oz). Wingspan ranges from 39 to 46 cm (15 to 18 in).

Comet Moth

The comet moth, also known as the Madagascan moon moth (Argema mittrei), is indigenous to the rainforests of Madagascar and was first scientifically documented by Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville in 1847. Adults of this species have a brief lifespan of only 4 to 5 days and do not feed. Despite being endangered in the wild due to habitat destruction, efforts have been successful in breeding the comet moth in captivity.

Physically, there are notable distinctions between males and females. Females possess more rounded wings, while males exhibit a wingspan of 20 cm (7.9 inches) and a tail span of 15 cm (5.9 inches), making them among the largest silk moths globally. Males are characterized by long, feathery antennae, whereas females have thinner antennae. The wings of Argema mittrei feature large eyespots, mimicking the appearance of a formidable and potentially dangerous creature, deterring potential predators.

Comfort Retriever

The Comfort Retriever, also known as the Miniature Golden Retriever, is a crossbreed of the Golden Retriever and either the Miniature Poodle or Cocker Spaniel. They typically weigh between 20-45 pounds and stand 14-20 inches tall. Known for their friendly and affectionate nature, Comfort Retrievers make excellent family pets and therapy dogs. They have a lifespan of 10-14 years and require regular grooming due to their double-layered coat. Common health issues include hip dysplasia, eye disorders, and digestive problems. They are energetic and need around 2 hours of exercise daily to stay healthy.

Common Buzzard

The common buzzard (Buteo buteo) is a medium-to-large bird of prey with an extensive geographical distribution. Belonging to the genus Buteo within the family Accipitridae, this species inhabits most of Europe and breeds across a wide expanse of the Palearctic, reaching from northwestern China (Tian Shan) to far western Siberia and northwestern Mongolia. In many regions within its range, it remains resident year-round. However, individuals from colder northern regions and those breeding in the eastern part of their habitat typically migrate southward for the winter, with some traveling as far as South Africa.

Common Carp

The Eurasian carp, also known as the European carp (Cyprinus carpio), commonly referred to as the common carp, is a widely distributed freshwater fish found in eutrophic lakes and large rivers across Europe and Asia.

Its native wild populations are categorized as vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, the species has been extensively domesticated and introduced into various global environments through aquaculture practices. Unfortunately, it is often recognized as a highly destructive invasive species and is listed among the world’s 100 worst invaders. The common carp lends its name to the Cyprinidae family.

While adaptable to a wide range of conditions, common carp prefer large, slow-moving or stagnant bodies of water with soft, vegetated sediments. They exhibit schooling behavior, typically congregating in groups of five or more. In their natural habitat, they inhabit temperate climates in freshwater or slightly brackish environments with a pH range of 6.5–9.0 and salinity levels up to approximately 0.5%. They can tolerate temperatures spanning from 3 to 35 °C (37–95 °F).

Common European Adder

The Common European Adder (Vipera berus) is a venomous snake found across Europe and Asia, notable for being the only snake species living above the Arctic Circle. These snakes typically measure 24-36 inches in length and can live 10-15 years. They exhibit sexual dimorphism: males are silvery-grey, while females are brown. Adders have a distinctive dark zigzag pattern on their backs. They primarily prey on small mammals, lizards, and amphibians. Despite being venomous, they are timid and prefer to escape rather than bite.

Common Frog

The common frog, also known as the grass frog (Rana temporaria), European common brown frog, European grass frog, European Holarctic true frog, European pond frog, or European brown frog, is a semi-aquatic amphibian belonging to the family Ranidae. It is widely distributed throughout much of Europe, ranging from Scandinavia in the north to the Urals in the east, excluding most of the Iberian Peninsula, southern Italy, and the southern Balkans.

Adult common frogs typically measure between 6 to 9 centimeters (2.4 to 3.5 inches) in body length. They exhibit a range of colors on their back and flanks, including olive green, grey-brown, brown, olive brown, grey, yellowish, and rufous. Notably, they have the ability to lighten or darken their skin to blend with their surroundings.

Common Furniture Beetle

The common furniture beetle, also known as the common house borer (Anobium punctatum), is a woodboring beetle native to Europe but now found worldwide. During its larval stage, it burrows into wood, where it feeds. Adult Anobium punctatum beetles typically measure between 2.7 to 4.5 millimeters (0.11 to 0.18 inches) in length and have brown, elliptical bodies with a prothorax resembling a monk’s cowl.

Females deposit their eggs in cracks within wood or inside existing exit holes. After approximately three weeks, the eggs hatch into creamy white, C-shaped larvae measuring about 1 millimeter (0.039 inches) in length. Over the course of three to four years, these larvae bore semi-randomly through the timber, consuming the starchy part of the wood grain and growing up to 7 millimeters (0.28 inches) in length. As they near pupation, they move closer to the wood surface, where they excavate small spaces just beneath the surface and undergo an eight-week pupation period.

Upon maturing, the adults emerge by breaking through the wood surface, creating exit holes typically measuring 1 to 1.5 millimeters (0.039 to 0.059 inches) in diameter and leaving behind visible dust, the initial signs of an infestation. Adult beetles do not feed; instead, they seek mates, reproduce, and subsequently perish.

Common Goldeneye

The common goldeneye, also known simply as the goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), is a medium-sized sea duck belonging to the genus Bucephala, which includes the goldeneyes. Its closest relative is the Barrow’s goldeneye.

Adult male common goldeneyes typically measure between 45–51 cm (18–20 inches) in length and weigh approximately 1,000 g (2.2 lb), while females range from 40–50 cm (16–20 inches) in length and weigh around 800 g (1.8 lb). They have a wingspan ranging from 77–83 cm (30–33 inches). The species is distinguished by its striking golden-yellow eyes.

Male adults are characterized by a dark head with a greenish gloss, featuring a circular white patch below the eye, along with a dark back and a white neck and belly. In contrast, adult females exhibit a brown head and predominantly grey body. Their legs and feet are colored orange-yellow.

Common Grackle

The common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) is a large icterid bird widely distributed across much of North America. Carl Linnaeus first described it in 1758, identifying three subspecies. Adult common grackles are characterized by a long, dark bill, pale yellow eyes, and a lengthy tail. They often exhibit iridescent feathers on their heads, particularly in males. Common grackles, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are prevalent throughout North America, primarily east of the Rocky Mountains.

Adult common grackles typically measure between 28 to 34 cm (11 to 13 inches) in length, with a wingspan ranging from 36 to 46 cm (14 to 18 inches), and weighing between 74 to 142 g (2.6 to 5.0 oz). While they show less sexual dimorphism compared to larger grackle species, differences between males and females are noticeable. Males average around 122 g (4.3 oz), slightly larger than females, which average about 94 g (3.3 oz). Their plumage is predominantly black with purple, green, or blue iridescence on the head, and a bronze sheen over the body feathers.

Common Green Magpie

The common green magpie (Cissa chinensis) belongs to the crow family and is approximately the size of a Eurasian jay, or slightly smaller. In its natural habitat, it displays a vibrant green plumage that may fade to turquoise in captivity or with a poor diet, as its coloration is carotenoid-based. The bird features a slightly lighter underside and a prominent thick black stripe extending from its bill through the eyes to the nape. Unlike other members of its genus, it has a notably long white-tipped tail. Its striking appearance is accentuated by red fleshy eye rims, bill, and legs, with reddish-maroon wings.

The common green magpie is omnivorous, foraging both on the ground and in tree canopies. It primarily preys on a wide variety of animals, including countless invertebrates, small reptiles, mammals, young birds, and eggs. Additionally, it scavenges flesh from recently deceased animals. When feeding, it typically prioritizes providing food to its young first.

Common House Spider

The common house spider (Parasteatoda tepidariorum) is a small arachnid found globally, except in Antarctica. These spiders typically measure less than one-quarter of an inch in length and are known for their light tan to black coloration. Females are larger than males and can lay over 400 eggs in a single sac. Common house spiders, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are solitary and build their webs in corners and nooks of homes. They feed on mosquitoes, flies, and ants, using their venom to immobilize prey, although their bite is harmless to humans.

Common Loon

The common loon, also known as the great northern diver (Gavia immer), is a large bird belonging to the loon or diver family. Breeding adults display a distinctive plumage featuring a broad black head and neck with a sheen ranging from greenish to purplish or bluish. They have blackish or blackish-grey upperparts and pure white underparts, with some black markings on the undertail coverts and vent. Non-breeding adults are brownish with a dark neck and head marked in dark grey-brown. Their upperparts are dark brownish-grey with an indistinct pattern of squares on the shoulders, while the underparts, lower face, chin, and throat are whitish.

Common loons have a varied diet that includes animal prey such as fish, crustaceans, insect larvae, mollusks, and occasionally aquatic plants. They typically swallow their prey underwater, capturing it where it is found, although larger items may be brought to the surface first. Loons exhibit monogamous behavior, with a single female and male often forming a pair that defends a territory and may breed together for a decade or longer.

Common Raven

The common raven (Corvus corax) is a large, entirely black passerine bird that holds the widest geographic distribution among all corvids, spanning the Northern Hemisphere. At the subspecies level, it is recognized by various names, encompassing at least eight subspecies that exhibit minimal differences in appearance, although recent genetic studies have revealed significant genetic variations among populations from different regions.

The common raven ranks among the largest corvids, alongside the thick-billed raven, and is possibly the heaviest passerine bird, with adult individuals averaging 63 centimeters (25 inches) in length and weighing about 1.47 kilograms (3.2 pounds). While their typical lifespan is relatively shorter, common ravens can survive over 23 years in the wild. Young birds often flock together initially but eventually pair for life, with each bonded pair defending a territory.

Common Spotted Cuscus

The common spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus), also known as the white cuscus, is a marsupial native to the Cape York region of Australia, New Guinea, and nearby smaller islands. This cuscus is about the size of a common house cat, with a body length of 35 to 65 centimeters (14 to 26 inches) and a tail length of 32 to 60 centimeters (13 to 24 inches). It weighs between 1.5 to 6 kilograms (3.3 to 13.2 pounds).

The common spotted cuscus, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, features a round head, small hidden ears, thick fur, and a prehensile tail that aids in climbing. Its eyes, which range in color from yellows and oranges to reds, are slit much like a snake’s. All four limbs have five digits and strong, curved claws, except for the first digit on each foot. The second and third digits of the hind feet are partly syndactylous, meaning they are joined by skin at the top joint but separate at the claws. These smaller claws can be used as hair combs when cleaning.

Common Toad

The common toad, also known as the European toad or simply the toad in Anglophone parts of Europe (Bufo bufo, from the Latin “bufo” meaning “toad”), is a species found across most of Europe, excluding Ireland, Iceland, parts of Scandinavia, and some Mediterranean islands. It also inhabits the western part of North Asia and a small region of Northwest Africa. This species is part of a group of closely related toads that share a common ancestral lineage, forming a species complex.

The common toad is typically inconspicuous, often hiding during the day and becoming active at dusk. It spends the night hunting invertebrates, which make up its diet. The toad moves with a slow, awkward walk or takes short jumps. Its skin is greyish-brown and covered with wart-like lumps.

Common Yellowthroat

The common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), also referred to as the yellow bandit or Maryland yellow-throat, is a species of New World warbler. This bird is a prolific breeder across North America, extending from southern Canada to central Mexico.

Common yellowthroats, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are small songbirds characterized by olive-colored backs, wings, and tails, with yellow throats and chests, and white bellies. Adult males are distinguished by their black face masks, which extend from the sides of the neck across the eyes and forehead, bordered above with white or gray. Females resemble males but have paler underparts and lack the black mask. Immature birds resemble adult females, while first-year males exhibit a faint black mask that darkens fully by spring.

Compsognathus

Compsognathus is a genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. The sole species, Compsognathus longipes, could grow to approximately the size of a chicken. These dinosaurs lived about 150 million years ago during the Tithonian age of the late Jurassic period in what is now Europe.

Paleontologists have discovered two well-preserved fossils: one in Germany in the 1850s and another in France over a century later. Currently, C. longipes is the only recognized species, although the larger French specimen discovered in the 1970s was once classified as a separate species, C. corallestris.

For many years, Compsognathus held the title of the smallest known non-avian dinosaur. However, later discoveries, such as Mahakala and Microraptor, revealed even smaller dinosaurs. The German specimen has been estimated to be 70–75 cm (28–30 in) and 89 cm (35 in) in length by different researchers, while the larger French specimen was estimated to be 1.25 m (4 ft 1 in) and 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) in length.

The height at the hip was estimated at 20 cm (7.9 in) for the German specimen and 29 cm (11 in) for the French specimen. The German specimen’s weight has been estimated at 0.32 kg (0.71 lb) and 0.58 kg (1.3 lb), while the French specimen was estimated to weigh 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) and 3.5 kg (7.7 lb). Compared to other compsognathids, the larger French specimen would have been similar in size to larger Sinosauropteryx specimens, but smaller than Huaxiagnathus and Mirischia.

Cone Snail

Fossils of cone snails have been discovered from the Eocene to the Holocene epochs. Cone snail species possess shells that are typically conical in shape, with many exhibiting colorful patterns on their surfaces. These snails are predominantly found in tropical regions.

There are over 900 distinct species of cone snails. They are usually located in warm tropical seas and oceans around the world, with the highest diversity in the Western Indo-Pacific region. While most cone snails inhabit warm tropical waters, some species have adapted to temperate or semi-tropical environments and are endemic to regions such as the Cape coast of South Africa, the Mediterranean, and the cool subtropical waters of southern California (Californiconus californicus).

Conger Eel

The Conger Eel, specifically the European Conger (Conger conger), is a large marine eel found primarily in the North Atlantic Ocean. These eels can reach impressive sizes, with some individuals growing up to 10 feet long and weighing as much as 350 pounds. Known for their long, slender bodies and powerful jaws, Conger Eels, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are carnivorous, feeding on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. They inhabit rocky crevices and wrecks in coastal waters. Although generally of “Least Concern” according to the IUCN, overfishing in certain regions poses a threat to their population stability.

Congo Snake

The Congo snake, also known as the amphiuma, is a large aquatic salamander native to the Southeastern United States, including swamps, marshes, and streams. These creatures can grow up to 4 feet long, with a cylindrical body and vestigial legs. They exhibit colors ranging from purplish-gray to black. Amphiumas are carnivorous, feeding on insects, crayfish, and other small animals. Females can lay up to 350 eggs, which they guard until hatching. While not aggressive, their powerful bite can be painful. Their lifespan in captivity can reach up to 27 years.

Conure

Conures are a varied group of small to medium-sized parrots within several genera of the long-tailed New World parrot subfamily Arinae. The term “conure” is primarily used in bird keeping, though it has appeared in some scientific literature. The American Ornithologists’ Union prefers the term “parakeet” for all species otherwise referred to as conures, while Australian ornithologist Joseph Forshaw uses the term conure.

Conures can be seen as either large parakeets or small parrots native to the Western Hemisphere. They are similar in size and lifestyle to the rose-ringed parakeets of Afro-Eurasia and the parakeets of Australia. All existing conure species reside in Central and South America, with the extinct Carolina parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) being the exception. Known for their playful and attention-seeking behavior, conures are often called the clowns of the parrot world, frequently hanging upside-down and swaying back and forth or “dancing.”

Cookiecutter Shark

The cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis), also known as the cigar shark, is a small squaliform shark belonging to the family Dalatiidae. This species inhabits warm, oceanic waters globally, especially near islands, and has been found at depths of up to 3.7 km (2.3 mi). It undertakes a vertical migration of up to 3 km (1.9 mi) daily, rising to the surface at dusk and descending at dawn.

Measuring only 42–56 cm (16.5–22 in) in length, the cookiecutter shark has a long, cylindrical body with a short, blunt snout, large eyes, two small spineless dorsal fins, and a large caudal fin. Its coloration is dark brown with light-emitting photophores on its underside, except for a dark “collar” around its throat and gill slits.

Cooper’s Hawk

Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii) is a medium-sized hawk native to North America, ranging from southern Canada to Mexico. This species belongs to the genus Accipiter, known as true hawks, which are agile and relatively small, typically found in wooded habitats globally. Accipiter is also the most diverse genus among diurnal raptors. In this species, as with many birds of prey, the male is smaller than the female. Hawks found east of the Mississippi River are generally larger than those to the west. Cooper’s hawk is often confused with the smaller, similar sharp-shinned hawk (A. striatus).

Named in 1828 by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in honor of his friend and fellow ornithologist William Cooper, Cooper’s hawk is also known by various other names, including big blue darter, chicken hawk, flying cross, hen hawk, quail hawk, striker, and swift hawk.

Copperhead

The Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) is a venomous snake native to North America, found from southern Massachusetts to Georgia, and west to Texas and northern Mexico. These snakes are known for their distinctive copper-colored heads and hourglass-shaped bands across their bodies. Copperheads, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, typically measure 2 to 4 feet in length and can live up to 29 years. They prey on insects, small mammals, birds, and amphibians. Despite being responsible for the most snakebites in the U.S., their venom is relatively mild, and bites are rarely fatal. They are shy and prefer to avoid humans, often remaining motionless when threatened.

Coral

The common house spider (Parasteatoda tepidariorum) is a widely distributed arachnid, known for its adaptability to human environments. Measuring about 5-6 mm in length, females are larger than males. These spiders are typically light brown with darker markings and have a bulbous abdomen. They build messy, irregular webs in corners and secluded areas to catch prey like flies, mosquitoes, and other small insects. Although their bite is venomous, it poses no significant threat to humans. They play a crucial role in controlling insect populations indoors.

Coral Snake

Coral snakes are a large group of elapid snakes categorized into two main groups: Old World coral snakes and New World coral snakes. There are 27 species of Old World coral snakes across three genera (Calliophis, Hemibungarus, and Sinomicrurus), and 83 recognized species of New World coral snakes in two genera (Micruroides and Micrurus). Genetic research indicates that the most primitive lineages originate in Asia, suggesting the group’s origin in the Old World.

Coral snakes exhibit diverse behaviors but are generally elusive and fossorial, spending most of their time buried underground or in the leaf litter of rainforests. They surface mainly during rainfall or the breeding season. Certain species, such as Micrurus surinamensis, are primarily aquatic, living predominantly in slow-moving, vegetation-rich waters.

Corella

The Corella, or Little Corella (Cacatua sanguinea), is a small white cockatoo native to Australia. These birds are known for their social behavior, often forming large flocks in grasslands, woodlands, and urban areas. They measure between 14 to 19 inches in length and weigh 0.13 to 0.22 pounds, with a wingspan of 35 inches. Corellas are omnivores, primarily eating seeds, grains, fruits, and small insects. They have a lifespan of up to 80 years and are highly intelligent, often exhibiting playful and noisy behavior. Despite habitat loss, their population is stable, with the IUCN listing them as “Least Concern.”

Corgidor

The Corgidor is a hybrid dog breed resulting from a mix of the Corgi and Labrador Retriever. Typically weighing between 40 to 55 pounds and standing 10 to 23 inches tall, these dogs are known for their friendly and playful temperament. They are excellent family pets, especially for families with older children. Corgidors are energetic and require regular exercise, making them suitable for active households. Common health issues include back problems, obesity, joint dysplasia, and ear infections. These dogs have a lifespan of 10 to 13 years and need regular grooming to manage their shedding.

Corgipoo

The Corgipoo is a hybrid breed, resulting from the mix of a Welsh Corgi and a Poodle. These small to medium-sized dogs typically weigh between 12 to 40 pounds and stand 10 to 20 inches tall. Known for their affectionate, friendly, and intelligent nature, Corgipoos make excellent family pets and are good with children and other animals. They have a lifespan of 12 to 14 years and come in various coat colors, including black, brown, white, and tan. Common health issues include hip dysplasia, epilepsy, and eye problems. Corgipoos require regular grooming, exercise, and mental stimulation to stay healthy and happy.

Corkie

The Corkie, a designer dog breed, is a cross between a Cocker Spaniel and a Yorkshire Terrier. These small dogs typically weigh between 8 to 20 pounds and stand 8 to 12 inches tall. Known for their friendly and energetic disposition, Corkies make excellent companions for families and individuals alike. They have a lifespan of 12 to 15 years and come in various coat colors, including black, white, tan, and brown. Common health issues include hip dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy, and allergies. Corkies, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, require regular grooming and moderate exercise to maintain their health and well-being.

Corman Shepherd

The Corman Shepherd is a hybrid dog breed resulting from the cross between a Corgi and a German Shepherd. These dogs typically weigh between 20 to 70 pounds and stand 12 to 15 inches tall. Known for their loyalty and protectiveness, Corman Shepherds make excellent watchdogs. They are energetic and require regular exercise, making them suitable for active households. With a lifespan of 10 to 15 years, they are generally healthy but may be prone to joint dysplasia, back problems, and allergies. They need consistent training and socialization to manage their sometimes stubborn nature.

Cormorant

The Cormorant, a member of the Phalacrocoracidae family, is found on every continent except Antarctica. These medium to large-sized birds, 24-40 inches in length, are known for their excellent swimming and diving abilities, often reaching depths of 150 feet. They primarily feed on fish, using their sharp, hooked bills. Cormorants are social birds, often seen in large colonies. They have dark, glossy feathers and a wingspan of 3.6 feet. Despite their skillful fishing, they face threats from pollution and habitat loss, although their overall population remains stable.

Corn Earworm

Helicoverpa zea, commonly referred to as the corn earworm, belongs to the family Noctuidae and was previously classified under the genus Heliothis. The larval stage of this moth is notorious as a significant agricultural pest due to its polyphagous nature, feeding on a wide range of plants. Consequently, it has acquired various common names such as the cotton bollworm and the tomato fruitworm. Its diet includes numerous other cultivated crops.

Adult moths have forewings that are yellowish-brown with a central dark spot. They typically have a wingspan ranging from 32 to 45 mm and can live for up to thirty days under optimal conditions, although their average lifespan is usually between five to fifteen days. These moths are nocturnal and spend daylight hours concealed in vegetation. They feed on nectar and other plant exudates from a diverse array of plants and can survive for 12 to 16 days as adults. Females are capable of laying up to 2,500 eggs over their lifetime.

Corn Rex Cat

The Corman Shepherd is a hybrid breed resulting from the crossbreeding of a Corgi and a German Shepherd. Typically, these dogs weigh between 20 to 70 pounds and stand 12 to 15 inches tall. They are known for their loyalty, protectiveness, and intelligence, making them excellent watchdogs and family pets. Corman Shepherds have a lifespan of 10 to 15 years and can be prone to health issues such as joint dysplasia, back problems, and allergies. They require regular exercise, consistent training, and socialization to manage their energetic and sometimes stubborn nature. Their coat can be short to medium length, and they need regular grooming to keep it healthy.

Corn Snake

The corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus), also known as the red rat snake, is a species of non-venomous North American rat snake belonging to the family Colubridae. This species captures its small prey through constriction. It inhabits regions throughout the southeastern and central United States. Despite its resemblance to the venomous copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), which often leads to mistaken identity and accidental killings, the corn snake lacks venom and poses no threat to humans.

Adult corn snakes typically reach a total length (including tail) of 61–182 cm (2.00–5.97 ft). In the wild, they typically live for around ten to fifteen years, but under captivity, they can survive up to 23 years or more. The oldest recorded corn snake in captivity lived to be 32 years and 3 months old. Natural corn snakes have bodies that are usually orange or brown with large red blotches bordered in black running down their backs. Their bellies display distinct rows of alternating black and white markings.

Cory Catfish

The Cory Catfish (Corydoras) is a popular freshwater aquarium fish known for its peaceful temperament and unique appearance. Originating from South America, these bottom-dwelling scavengers thrive in community tanks. There are over 160 species, ranging in size from 1 to 5 inches, with varying colors and patterns. Cory Catfish prefer to live in schools and are known for their armored scales and barbels, which they use to detect food. They have a lifespan of up to 15 years in captivity and require a well-maintained tank with proper filtration and aeration.

Coryphodon

Coryphodon, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, is an extinct genus of pantodonts belonging to the family Coryphodontidae. Standing about 1 meter (3.3 ft) tall at the shoulder and measuring approximately 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) in body length, Coryphodon ranks among the largest mammals known from its era. It possessed a slow-moving gait, characterized by long upper limbs and short lower limbs that supported its substantial weight. Coryphodon appears to have lacked significant defenses, likely due to the absence of large predators during its time, which were generally smaller in comparison to Coryphodon.

Costa’s Hummingbird

Costa’s hummingbird was formally described by the French ornithologist Jules Bourcier in 1839 and given the scientific name Ornismya costae. Bourcier chose the specific epithet to honor the French nobleman Louis Marie Pantaleon Costa, Marquis de Beauregard (1806–1864). The type locality is Magdalena Bay on the western coast of Baja California Sur in Mexico. Costa’s hummingbird is currently classified under the genus Calypte, a name introduced by John Gould in 1856. It is a monotypic species, meaning no subspecies are recognized.

This hummingbird species is small, with mature adults reaching lengths of only 3–3.5 inches (7.6–8.9 cm) and a wingspan of 11 cm. The average weight is 3.05 g for males and 3.22 g for females. The male displays a predominantly green back and flanks, small black tail and wings, and patches of white below its throat and tail. Its most notable feature is the vibrant purple cap and throat, with throat feathers extending back behind its head. The female lacks the male’s distinct coloration, appearing grayish-green above with a white underbelly.

Coton de Tulear

The Coton de Tuléar is a small breed of dog named after the city of Tuléar (also known as Toliara) in Madagascar. Its origins are traced to a group of small white dogs believed to have swum across the Malagasy Channel following a shipwreck. Recognized for its fluffy coat resembling cotton, the Coton de Tuléar typically weighs no more than 18 pounds (8.2 kg) and comes in white, often with gray, tan, black, or tri-colored markings. Celebrated annually on November 26, Coton de Tuléar Day honors this breed.

Various registries outline different standards for the Coton de Tuléar, but it is generally characterized by very soft, cotton-like hair (distinguished from fur), akin to a cotton ball—hence its name derived from the French word for cotton, “coton”. It features a prominent black nose, large expressive eyes usually obscured by bangs, and relatively short legs. The breed’s tail is typically curled over its back.

Cotton-top Tamarin

The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) is a small New World monkey weighing less than 0.5 kg (1.1 lb). These monkeys typically live up to 24 years, although most have a lifespan closer to 13 years. Recognized as one of the smallest primates, the cotton-top tamarin is distinguished by its long, white sagittal crest that extends from its forehead to its shoulders.

Belonging to the family Callitrichidae, which includes marmosets and tamarins, the cotton-top tamarin averages 432 g (15.2 oz) in weight. It has a head–body length ranging from 20.8 to 25.9 cm (8.2–10.2 in), with a tail length of approximately 33–41 cm (13–16 in) that is non-prehensile.

This species exhibits no sexual dimorphism, as males and females are similar in size and weight. Like other members of the Callitrichinae subfamily, it possesses sharp nails (tegulae) on all digits except the big toes, which have flat nails (ungulae) more common among other primates. These tegulae resemble those of a squirrel and aid in agile movement through trees.

Cottonmouth

The cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus), also known as the water moccasin, is a venomous snake native to the southeastern United States. It is found in wetland habitats such as swamps, marshes, and slow-moving streams. Adult cottonmouths typically measure 2-4 feet in length but can reach up to 6 feet.

Cottonmouths, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are known for their distinctive white mouth lining, which they display when threatened. Cottonmouths are opportunistic feeders, preying on fish, amphibians, and small mammals. They are pit vipers, using heat-sensing pits to detect prey. Though their bites are rarely fatal to humans, they can cause severe tissue damage.

Coues Deer

The Coues deer (Odocoileus virginianus couesi), a subspecies of the white-tail deer, is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. They are smaller than other white-tail deer, standing around 30 inches tall at the shoulder and weighing up to 100 pounds for males and 65 pounds for females. Known for their distinctive white tail and large ears, they adapt well to high elevations and various habitats, including grasslands and pine forests. The population is estimated at 100,000 in the U.S. and higher in Mexico. They are primarily threatened by habitat loss and hunting.

Cougar

The cougar, Puma concolor, also known as the panther, mountain lion, catamount, and puma, is a large cat native to the Americas. It ranges widely across North, Central, and South America, making it the most extensively distributed wild terrestrial mammal in the Western Hemisphere and one of the most widespread globally. Its habitat includes the Canadian Yukon Territory, British Columbia, Alberta provinces, the Rocky Mountains, and various regions in the Western United States.

Cougars belong to the Felidae family, characterized by their slender and agile build. They rank as the fourth largest cat species worldwide. Adult cougars typically stand 60 to 90 cm (24 to 35 in) tall at the shoulders. Adult males measure around 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) in total length from nose to tail tip, while females average 2.05 m (6 ft 9 in), with overall lengths ranging from 1.50 to 2.75 m (4 ft 11 in to 9 ft 0 in) suggested across the species.

Cow

Cows (Bos taurus) are domesticated ungulates known for their significant role in agriculture, providing meat, milk, and leather. Originating from the wild aurochs, cows have been bred into various breeds for specific purposes. They typically weigh between 1,100 to 2,400 pounds and stand about 4.5 to 5.5 feet tall at the shoulder.

Cows have a complex stomach with four compartments to digest fibrous plant material. They are social animals with strong herd instincts and communicate using vocalizations and body language. A cow’s lifespan averages 18-22 years, though most in the dairy and meat industries live much shorter lives.

Cow Reticulated Python

The Cow Reticulated Python (Malayopython reticulatus) is a specially bred morph of the reticulated python, known for its unique pattern development. These snakes hatch as solid white with blue eyes and gradually develop black, yellow, and sometimes green spots as they mature, resembling a cow’s coloration.

Native to Southeast Asia, reticulated pythons can grow over 20 feet long in captivity and are known for their intelligence and relatively docile nature when bred in captivity. They primarily prey on mammals and birds, and while they can live over 20 years in captivity, their wild populations are listed as “Least Concern” by the IUCN.

Coyote

Male coyotes typically weigh between 8 to 20 kg (18 to 44 lb), while females average 7 to 18 kg (15 to 40 lb), although sizes vary geographically. Northern subspecies, averaging around 18 kg (40 lb), tend to be larger than their southern counterparts in Mexico, which average about 11.5 kg (25 lb). On average, coyotes measure between 1.0 to 1.35 m (3 ft 3 in to 4 ft 5 in) in total length, including a tail length of approximately 40 cm (16 in), with females generally shorter in both body length and height.

The largest recorded coyote, a male shot near Afton, Wyoming, on November 19, 1937, measured 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) from nose to tail and weighed 34 kg (75 lb). Scent glands, colored bluish-black, are situated on the upper side of the tail base.

Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Brachyura, characterized by their typically short, tail-like abdomen (brachyura translates to “short tail” in Greek). They inhabit diverse environments including all oceans, freshwater bodies, and terrestrial habitats.

Crabs, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are known for their robust exoskeleton, primarily made of heavily mineralized chitin. Each crab possesses a pair of pincers on its arms, followed by six walking legs and two swimming legs. They respire through gills located on their underside, which require moisture to function effectively. The fossil record indicates that crabs first appeared during the Jurassic period approximately 200 million years ago.

Crab Spider

The Thomisidae comprise a spider family encompassing approximately 170 genera and over 2,100 species. Commonly known as crab spiders, this term is often applied broadly across various spider families. Many members are also referred to as flower spiders or flower crab spiders.

Crab spiders in this family are ambush predators that do not construct webs. They typically have two front legs that are longer and sturdier than their other legs, while the hind legs are smaller and adorned with robust spines. Their coloration ranges from muted tones like brown and grey to vibrant hues of green, pink, white, or yellow. Their body shape resembles that of a crab, and they often move sideways or backwards. Distinguishing them from spiders of the Sparassidae family is generally straightforward, as crab spiders tend to be smaller in size.

Crab-Eating Fox

The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), also known as the forest fox, wood fox, bushdog (distinct from the bush dog), or maikong, is a medium-sized canid native to the central regions of South America, a presence dating back to at least the Pleistocene epoch. Unlike true foxes, which belong to the genus Vulpes, South American foxes like Cerdocyon belong to the genus Lycalopex. The name Cerdocyon is derived from the Greek words kerdo (fox) and kyon (dog), highlighting its mixed characteristics.

Typically, the crab-eating fox is predominantly greyish-brown, with reddish areas on the face and legs, and distinctive black-tipped ears and tail. It possesses short, robust legs and a long, bushy tail. The average length of its head and body measures about 64.3 centimeters (25.3 inches), with the tail averaging 28.5 centimeters (11.2 inches) in length. Adult individuals generally weigh between 10 and 17 pounds (4.5 and 7.7 kilograms).

Crab-Eating Macaque

The crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), also known as the long-tailed macaque and referred to as the cynomolgus monkey in laboratory settings, is a cercopithecine primate native to Southeast Asia. This macaque species has a longstanding association with humans, playing roles ranging from agricultural pest to sacred animal and subject of biomedical research.

Adult crab-eating macaques vary in body length among subspecies, typically measuring between 38 to 55 cm (15 to 22 inches) with relatively short arms and legs. Males are notably larger than females, weighing between 5 to 9 kg (11 to 20 lb) compared to females weighing 3 to 6 kg (6.6 to 13.2 lb). Their tail is longer than their body, averaging 40 to 65 cm (16 to 26 inches), which aids in balance during jumps of up to 5 m (16 ft). The upper parts of their body are dark brown with light golden brown tips, while the underparts are light grey with a dark grey or brown tail.

Crabeater Seal

The crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), also known as the krill-eater seal, is a true seal found throughout the Antarctic coast with a circumpolar distribution. It is the sole species in the genus Lobodon. These seals are medium- to large-sized, typically exceeding 2 meters in length, and have a relatively slender and pale-colored appearance. They primarily inhabit the free-floating pack ice that extends seasonally from the Antarctic coast, using it as a platform for various activities such as resting, mating, socializing, and hunting.

Adult crabeater seals, particularly those over five years old, average a length of 2.3 meters (7.5 feet) and weigh around 200 kilograms (440 pounds). Females are slightly larger on average, measuring approximately 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) longer and weighing about 8 kilograms (18 pounds) more than males. However, their weights can vary significantly throughout the year; during lactation, females may lose up to 50% of their body weight, while males also experience substantial weight loss as they engage in mating activities and compete with rivals.

Crane

Cranes are a type of large bird with long legs and necks in the biological family Gruidae of the order Gruiformes. The family has 15 species placed in four genera: Antigone, Balearica, Leucogeranus, and Grus. They are large birds with long necks and legs, a tapering form, and long secondary feathers on the wing that project over the tail.

Cranes, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are very large birds, often considered the world’s tallest flying birds. They range in size from the demoiselle crane, which measures 90 cm (35 in) in length, to the sarus crane, which can be up to 176 cm (69 in), although the heaviest is the red-crowned crane, which can weigh 12 kg (26 lb) prior to migrating. They are long-legged and long-necked birds with streamlined bodies and large, rounded wings. The males and females do not vary in external appearance, but males tend to be slightly larger than females.

Crappie Fish

Crappie fish are popular freshwater species found primarily in North America. They belong to the Centrarchidae family and are known for their distinctive appearance and behavior. Typically silvery-green or yellowish in color, crappies have large dorsal fins and deep, compressed bodies. They are prized by anglers for their sporting qualities and are often targeted for their delicious, mild-flavored flesh.

Crappies inhabit various freshwater environments, including lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, preferring areas with vegetation or submerged structures where they can hide and ambush prey. They feed on smaller fish, insects, and crustaceans, using their sharp spines and agile movements to capture prey efficiently.

Crayfish

Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans that belong to the infraorder Astacidea, which also includes lobsters. Taxonomically, they are classified within the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They respire using feather-like gills. Some species inhabit brooks and streams with flowing freshwater, while others thrive in environments like swamps, ditches, and paddy fields.

Crayfish, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are opportunistic omnivores and scavengers capable of filtering and processing mud. Studies in aquaculture ponds using isotope analysis have demonstrated their ability to selectively build body tissue from the animal protein portion of pelleted food, disregarding other components.

They have a broad dietary range, consuming various foods including nutrient-poor materials like grass, leaves, and even paper, although they can exhibit selective feeding behaviors that require dietary variety for nutritional balance. Individual crayfish personalities play a significant role in determining their food preferences, particularly in aquarium settings.

Crested Gecko

The crested gecko, also known as the eyelash gecko (Correlophus ciliatus), is a gecko species native to southern New Caledonia (France). It was first described in 1866 by French zoologist Alphonse Guichenot. Initially believed to be extinct, the species was rediscovered in 1994 during an expedition led by Robert Seipp.

Crested geckos typically measure between 20 and 25 cm (8–10 inches) in length – including a tail length of 10 to 15 cm (4–6 inches). One of their most distinctive features is the presence of hair-like projections above their eyes, resembling eyelashes. These projections extend into two rows of spines that run from the eyes to the sides of their wedge-shaped head and continue to the base of their tail. Unlike many other animals, crested geckos lack eyelids; instead, each eye is protected by a transparent scale known as a spectacle, which helps keep the eye moist. They use their tongues to clear away debris from their eyes.

Crested Penguin

Eudyptes is a genus of penguins collectively known as crested penguins. The number of species within this genus varies from four to seven depending on the source, with a species from the Chatham Islands having become extinct in recent centuries. These penguins are characterized by their black and white plumage, red bills and eyes, and prominent yellow crests. They inhabit Subantarctic islands across the southern oceans of the world.

Crested penguins, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, share a similar appearance, featuring distinct black and white patterns, along with red bills and striking yellow crests. Their vocalizations are more elaborate compared to other penguin species, consisting of various phrases of different lengths. The royal penguin, in particular, predominantly displays a white face, whereas other species within the genus typically have black faces.

Cricket

Crickets are insects belonging to the order Orthoptera, closely related to bush crickets and more distantly to grasshoppers. In older literature, crickets were classified at the family level (Gryllidae), but contemporary authorities now place them within the superfamily Grylloidea.

These insects range in size from small to medium, with mostly cylindrical bodies that are somewhat vertically flattened. They have spherical heads with long, slender antennae arising from cone-shaped scapes (first segments), and behind these antennae are two large compound eyes. On the forehead, there are three ocelli (simple eyes). The pronotum (first thoracic segment) is trapezoidal in shape, robust, and well-sclerotized, lacking both dorsal and lateral keels (ridges).

Croatian Sheepdog

The Croatian sheepdog is typically of moderate height, with a base color that is uniformly black, occasionally featuring minor patches of white on the chest or toes. It is notable for its short, fox-like hairs on the head and legs, while the rest of its coat tends to be longer and either wavy or curly. Both males and females stand between 16 to 21 inches at the withers, with the body length surpassing the height by about 10%. Traditionally, its tail is docked very short; if left undocked, it naturally curls over the dog’s back.

Crocodile

Crocodiles, belonging to the family Crocodylidae, are large semiaquatic reptiles found across tropical regions in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Australia. They exhibit significant size variation among species, ranging from the dwarf crocodile, Osteolaemus, which reaches adult sizes of just 1.5 to 1.9 m (4.9 to 6.2 ft), to the saltwater crocodile, which can exceed 6 m (20 ft) in length and weigh over 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Several other large species can grow to lengths exceeding 5.2 m (17 ft) and weigh over 900 kg (2,000 lb).

Crocodilians display notable sexual dimorphism, with males typically growing larger and faster than females. Despite their immense adult sizes, crocodiles hatch from eggs measuring approximately 20 cm (7.9 in) in length. The saltwater crocodile, the largest species, inhabits regions spanning eastern India, northern Australia, Southeast Asia, and surrounding waters.

Crocodile Monitor

The crocodile monitor (Varanus salvadorii), also known as the Papuan monitor or Salvadori’s monitor, is a species of monitor lizard native to New Guinea. It holds the distinction of being the largest monitor lizard on the island and is among the longest lizards globally, documented at lengths reaching up to 255 cm (100 in). Notably, its tail is exceptionally long, with some reports suggesting lengths that rival those of the Komodo dragon, although it is generally less massive.

As the largest among the seven monitor species found on New Guinea, the crocodile monitor inhabits both Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian region of West Papua. It occupies habitats ranging from the high canopies to the lowland rainforests and coastal mangrove swamps, occasionally moving into adjacent areas during seasonal floods. Due to the remote and challenging nature of its habitat, comprehensive field research on V. salvadorii remains limited, leaving the full extent of its distribution unclear.

Crocodile Shark

The crocodile shark (Pseudocarcharias kamoharai) is a species of mackerel shark and the sole surviving member of the family Pseudocarchariidae. Specialized for life in the mesopelagic zone, this shark is globally distributed in tropical waters, ranging from the surface down to depths of 590 m (1,940 ft). It exhibits a diel vertical migration pattern, residing below 200 m (660 ft) during the day and ascending to shallower depths at night for feeding.

Despite its global presence, it remains relatively small, typically reaching a length of only 1 m (3.3 ft). The crocodile shark is characterized by its elongated, cigar-shaped body, exceptionally large eyes, and relatively diminutive fins.

Crocodylomorph

Crocodylomorpha is a group of pseudosuchian archosaurs encompassing modern crocodilians and their extinct relatives. They were the sole survivors of the end-Triassic extinction event. Extinct crocodylomorphs exhibited far greater ecological diversity compared to present-day crocodilians. The earliest and most primitive crocodylomorphs, known as “sphenosuchians,” were a paraphyletic group characterized by small, slender bodies and elongated limbs adapted for bipedal locomotion. This morphology, originating from sphenosuchians, persisted until the end of the Jurassic period.

Cross Fox

The cross fox is a variant of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) characterized by partial melanism, displaying a distinct dark stripe down its back that intersects another stripe across its shoulders, forming a cross-like pattern. This variant is more prevalent in northern regions of Canada and, while less common than the standard red form, it is more frequently encountered than the darker silver fox.

Physically, melanistic foxes resemble red foxes, though they may be slightly larger with bushier tails and more woolly underfoot. The name “cross fox” comes from the dark vertical band running down its back, intersected by a horizontal band across the shoulders. The fur on its back and sides ranges from yellowish rufous, appearing more vibrant on the flanks and sides of the neck.

Cross River Gorilla

The Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) is a critically endangered subspecies of the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla). It was identified as a new species by Paul Matschie, a mammalian taxonomist, in 1904 at the Humboldt University Zoological Museum in Berlin. However, systematic surveys of its populations did not occur until 1987. Its distinct morphological characteristics were subsequently confirmed through analyses of skull and tooth structure, limb proportions, and geographical distribution. These findings led to its classification as a distinct subspecies in 2000.

Crow

Crows, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, are highly intelligent and adaptable birds belonging to the Corvidae family, known scientifically as Corvus. They are widespread across various continents, including North America, Europe, and Asia, inhabiting diverse habitats ranging from forests and farmlands to urban areas. Crows are easily recognizable by their glossy black plumage and robust build, typically measuring around 16 to 21 inches in length and weighing between 12 to 21 ounces.

These birds exhibit remarkable cognitive abilities, capable of problem-solving, tool use, and complex social behaviors. They are opportunistic omnivores, feeding on a wide range of items including insects, small mammals, seeds, fruits, and even scavenged food from human settlements.

Crucian Carp

The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is a medium-sized fish belonging to the Cyprinidae family, which also includes common carp. It is prevalent across northern European regions. This species is widely distributed throughout Europe, ranging from England to Russia. Its habitat extends northwards to the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and southwards to central France and the Black Sea region. The crucian carp inhabits various freshwater environments such as lakes, ponds, and sluggish rivers. Studies confirm that it is a native species in England and not introduced.

Cryolophosaurus

Cryolophosaurus is a genus of large theropod dinosaur known from a single species, Cryolophosaurus ellioti, discovered in the early Jurassic period of Antarctica. Paleontologist Dr. William Hammer first unearthed Cryolophosaurus fossils in Antarctica’s Hanson Formation, previously known as the upper Falla Formation, in 1991. This discovery marked the first identification of a carnivorous dinosaur in Antarctica and the initial naming of a non-avian dinosaur species from the continent. The sedimentary layers containing its fossils have been dated to approximately 196 to 188 million years ago, representing the Early Jurassic era.

Cuban Boa

The Cuban boa (Chilabothrus angulifer), also referred to as the Cuban tree boa and locally known as majá de Santa María, is a large snake species belonging to the family Boidae. It ranks among the largest snakes in North America, often exceeding 5 meters (16 feet) in length and possessing a robust physique. Native to Cuba and neighboring islands, this species does not have recognized subspecies.

The Cuban boa, one of the fascinating animals that start with C, thrives in various forest types, including rainforests, cloud forests, evergreen forests, semi-deciduous forests, thorn forests, and coastal scrub forests, ranging from sea level up to altitudes of 1,214 meters (3,983 feet). It has also been observed in sugar cane plantations.

Cuban Cockroach

Panchlora nivea, commonly known as the Cuban cockroach or green banana cockroach, is a small cockroach species belonging to the subfamily Panchlorinae. It inhabits subtropical and tropical climates, including regions of Cuba, the Caribbean, and the southern United States, specifically along the Gulf Coast from Florida to Texas, and has been sighted as far north as Moncks Corner, South Carolina.

Female Panchlora nivea can reach lengths of up to 24 mm, while the smaller males measure between 12 to 15 mm. They are winged insects capable of strong flight, typically appearing pale green to yellowish-green with a yellow stripe along their sides. Nymphs, which are brown or black in color, are known to burrow into their surroundings.

Cubera Snapper

The cubera snapper (Lutjanus cyanopterus), also referred to as the Cuban snapper, is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Lutjanidae, commonly known as snappers. It is indigenous to the western Atlantic Ocean.

This species can attain a maximum total length of 160 cm (63 inches), although a more typical length is around 90 cm (35 inches). The largest documented weight recorded is 57 kg (126 lb). The cubera snapper generally displays a coloration ranging from grey to dark brown, with pale to dark-grey flanks, occasionally exhibiting a faint reddish tint on the body. Its caudal fin appears light grey, while the pectoral fins can be translucent to pale grey. A bluish hue is noticeable on the anal, pectoral, and pelvic fins. Juveniles of this species typically exhibit an unclear barred pattern on their flanks.

Cuckoo

Cuckoos belong to the Cuculidae family, the only group within the order Cuculiformes. This family includes a diverse range of birds such as the common cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals, and anis.

These birds vary widely in size, from the small bronze cuckoo weighing 17 g (0.6 oz) and measuring 15 cm (6 in), to larger species like the giant coua of Madagascar and the coral-billed ground-cuckoo of Indochina, which can reach lengths of 60–80 cm (24–31 in).

Other notable large cuckoos include various Indo-Pacific species such as the goliath coucal of Halmahera, Timor coucal, buff-headed coucal, ivory-billed coucal, violaceous coucal, and larger forms of the pheasant coucal. The channel-billed cuckoo holds the record as the largest parasitic cuckoo, weighing about 630 g (1 lb 6 oz) with a length of 63 cm (25 in).

Cucumber Beetle

The Cucumber Beetle, present in North America, primarily damages cucurbit plants such as cucumbers, melons, and squashes. This beetle exists in two forms: the striped (Acalymma vittatum) and the spotted (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi). Both types have significant impacts on agriculture by feeding on plant parts and transmitting diseases like bacterial wilt. They are particularly problematic because they damage seedlings and mature plants, reducing crop yields. Management strategies include cultural practices like crop rotation and using physical barriers, as well as biological and chemical controls to reduce beetle populations and prevent damage.

Curly Coated Retriever

The Curly-coated Retriever, often referred to as the Curly, is a dog breed originally developed in England specifically for upland bird and waterfowl hunting. It holds the distinction of being the tallest among the retrievers and is easily recognizable due to its dense curls covering its entire body. Alongside the Wavy Coated (now known as the Flat-Coated Retriever), the Curly was one of the first retriever breeds formally recognized, with a history dating back to around 1860.

Physically, the Curly is a robust and active dog, finely tuned for hunting upland birds and waterfowl. It differs slightly in structure from other retriever breeds, appearing somewhat leggy but actually possessing a slightly elongated body compared to its height. It is known for its balance, agility, and notable endurance, displaying both strength and grace in its movements. Curlies are trained to handle game delicately, showcasing a soft-mouthed retrieving style.

According to show standards, male Curlies typically stand between 25 and 27 inches (64 and 69 cm) at the withers, while females range from 23 to 25 inches (58 and 64 cm). However, variations in size are common, especially among those bred for field work, which generally tend to be smaller in stature.

Curly Hair Tarantula

Tliltocatl albopilosus, previously known as Brachypelma albopilosum, is a species of tarantula commonly referred to as the curlyhair tarantula. Native to Nicaragua and Costa Rica, this spider is characterized by its stout body covered in dark brown to black bristles that transition from light to dark as the tarantula matures. It exhibits a distinctive golden-bronze sheen, attributed to longer gold-colored bristles that densely cover its body, particularly noticeable on the hind legs.

In captivity, both male and female curlyhair tarantulas can reach a leg span slightly exceeding 6 inches (15 cm). However, males have a significantly shorter lifespan of around 5 years in captivity, whereas females reportedly live up to 20 years. Males are generally lighter in bronze coloration compared to females.

Cuttlefish

Cuttlefish, also known as cuttles, are marine mollusks belonging to the order Sepiida within the class Cephalopoda, which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses. One of their distinguishing features is their unique internal shell called the cuttlebone, which aids in buoyancy control.

These creatures possess large, W-shaped pupils, eight arms, and two tentacles equipped with serrated suckers that help them capture prey. Cuttlefish typically range in size from 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 in). The largest species, known as the giant cuttlefish (Sepia apama), can grow up to 50 cm (20 in) in mantle length and weigh over 10.5 kg (23 lb).

Czechoslovakian Wolfdog

The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog is a breed of wolfdog originating from an experimental breeding program in Czechoslovakia that began in 1955. Males have a minimum shoulder height of 65 cm (26 in), while females stand at least 60 cm (24 in), with no upper limit on size. Their body structure is rectangular, maintaining a height-to-length ratio of 9:10 or less. Minimum weights are 26 kg (57 lb) for males and 20 kg (44 lb) for females. Their distinctive features include amber eyes set at an oblique angle and short, erect ears in a triangular shape that reflect their sex.

This breed forms strong social bonds, not only with its owner but with the entire family. It can adapt well to living alongside other domestic animals within the household, although introductions to unfamiliar animals may pose challenges. Early training is crucial to temper the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog’s natural hunting instincts, preventing aggressive behaviors towards smaller animals as they mature.

In conclusion, the list of animals that start with C encompasses a diverse array of creatures, each with unique characteristics and habitats. From charismatic mammals like the Cheetah and Capybara to intriguing reptiles such as the Cuban Boa and Crocodile Monitor, and fascinating birds like the Cuckoo and Cuban Green Woodpecker, this compilation highlights the richness of biodiversity represented by these species. Whether in terms of size, behavior, or ecological role, animals that begin with C contribute significantly to the natural world, serving as both sources of wonder and subjects of conservation concern.